* Gottlob Frege

* Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottlob Frege

Gottlob Frege, founder of the analytic tradition in philosophy, famously argued for the analysis of language in terms of sense and reference.

According to the direct-reference view, an early version of which was originally proposed by Bertrand Russell, and perhaps earlier by Gottlob Frege, a proper name strictly has no meaning when there is no object to which it refers.

It drew the adverse notice of Gottlob Frege, who criticized its psychologism.

In his professorial doctoral dissertation, On the Concept of Number ( 1886 ) and in his Philosophy of Arithmetic ( 1891 ), Husserl sought, by employing Brentano's descriptive psychology, to define the natural numbers in a way that advanced the methods and techniques of Karl Weierstrass, Richard Dedekind, Georg Cantor, Gottlob Frege, and other contemporary mathematicians.

Logical empiricism ( aka logical positivism or neopositivism ) was an early 20th century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism ( e. g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge ) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The first formal language is thought be the one used by Gottlob Frege in his Begriffsschrift ( 1879 ), literally meaning " concept writing ", and which Frege described as a " formal language of pure thought.

He was, with Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and ( before them ) Gottlob Frege, one of the founders of the analytic tradition in philosophy.

The main influences on the early logical positivists were the positivist Ernst Mach, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell and the young Ludwig Wittgenstein.

* Frege Gottlob ( 1879 ), Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens.

* Frege Gottlob ( 1884 ), Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik: eine logisch-mathematische Untersuchung über den Begriff der Zahl.

* Gottlob Frege, logician

* 1848 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician ( d. 1925 )

) Peano maintained a clear distinction between mathematical and logical symbols, which was not yet common in mathematics ; such a separation had first been introduced in the Begriffsschrift by Gottlob Frege, published in 1879.

* November 8 – Gottlob Frege, German logician ( d. 1925 )

** Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and philosopher ( b. 1848 )

Origin of Russell's Theory of Types: In a letter to Gottlob Frege ( 1902 ) Russell announced his discovery of the paradox in Frege's Begriffsschrift.

** Gottlob Frege ( 1902 ) Letter to Russell with commentary by van Heijenoort, pages 126-128.

In a 1902 letter, he announced the discovery to Gottlob Frege of the paradox in Frege's 1879 Begriffsschrift and framed the problem in terms of both logic and set theory, and in particular in terms of Frege's definition of function ; in the following, p. 17 refers to a page in the original Begriffsschrift, and page 23 refers to the same page in van Heijenoort 1967:

It was suggested to him as an alternate form of Russell's paradox, which he had devised to show that set theory as it was used by Georg Cantor and Gottlob Frege contained contradictions.

Gottlob Frege was the founder of logicism.

The syllogism was superseded by first-order predicate logic following the work of Gottlob Frege, in particular his Begriffsschrift ( Concept Script ) ( 1879 ), but syllogisms remain useful.

* SS Generalleutnant Gottlob Berger claimed Hitler had signed a 22 April 1945 order to evacuate 35, 000 prisoners to the Alpine Fortress as hostages, but Berger did not carry out the order ( many evacuated locations also failed to obey Hitler's order requiring Demolitions on Reich Territory, e. g., Mittelwerk ).

Bertrand Russell invented the first type theory in response to his discovery that Gottlob Frege's version of naive set theory was afflicted with Russell's paradox.

This later school began around eastern India and Bengal, and developed theories resembling modern logic, such as Gottlob Frege's " distinction between sense and reference of proper names " and his " definition of number ," as well as the Navya-Nyaya theory of " restrictive conditions for universals " anticipating some of the developments in modern set theory.

* Georg Gottlob, FRS — current Fellow ( 2006 —), noted Austrian computer scientist specialising in database theory, logic, and Artificial Intelligence.

Neptunism is a discredited and obsolete scientific theory of geology proposed by Abraham Gottlob Werner in the late 18th century that proposed rocks formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.

Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead championed this theory fathered by Gottlob Frege.

Although the formalisation of logic was much advanced by the work of such figures as Gottlob Frege, Giuseppe Peano, Bertrand Russell, and Richard Dedekind, the story of modern proof theory is often seen as being established by David Hilbert, who initiated what is called Hilbert's program in the foundations of mathematics.

* " Thought ", in Gottlob Frege's theory of meaning, " something for which the question of truth can arise at all "

The German philosopher Gottlob Frege seems to have held a theory of this sort.

Early geologists such as Nicolas Steno and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure developed ideas of geological strata forming from water through chemical processes, which Abraham Gottlob Werner developed into a theory known as Neptunism.

* June 16-Bertrand Russell writes to Gottlob Frege informing him of the problem in naive set theory that will become known as Russell's paradox.

Abraham Gottlob Werner ( 25 September 1749 – 30 June 1817 ), was a German geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and coined the word Neptunism.

* Gottlob Frege publishes Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (" The Foundations of Arithmetic ") presenting a theory of logicism.

Most modern theories of syntax and grammar take their inspiration for the theory of predicates from predicate calculus as associated with Gottlob Frege.

This later school began around eastern India and Bengal, and developed theories resembling modern logic, such as Gottlob Frege's " distinction between sense and reference of proper names " and his " definition of number ," as well as the Navya-Nyaya theory of " restrictive conditions for universals " anticipating some of the developments in modern set theory.

This fact is sometimes thought to have severe consequences for the program of logicism proposed by Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, which aimed to define the natural numbers in terms of logic ( Hellman 1981, p. 451 – 468 ).

Elias Gottlob Haussmann | Haussmann's portrait of Bach depicts him holding the manuscript to BWV 1076, which is also the thirteenth canon in the Goldberg Canon cycle.

Among those canons, the eleventh and the thirteenth are a sort of first version of BWV 1077 and BWV 1076, which is included in the famous portrait of Bach painted by Elias Gottlob Haussmann in 1746.

Abraham Gottlob Werner was the inspector of mines and professor of mining and mineralogy at the Mining Academy in Freiberg ( Saxony ) which became dominant in late eighteenth-century geology.

Passow's great work was his Handworterbuch der griechischen Sprache ( 1819 – 1824 ) (" Dictionary of the Greek Language "), originally a revision of Johann Gottlob Schneider's lexicon, which appeared in the fourth edition ( 1831 ) as an independent work, without Schneider's name.

Husserl had reacted strongly to Gottlob Frege's criticism of his first work on the philosophy of arithmetic and was investigating the sense of mathematical and other structures, which Frege had distinguished from empirical reference.

Gottlob Frege was probably the first philosophical logician to express something very close to the idea that the predicate " is true " does not express anything above and beyond the statement to which it is attributed.

19th-century British philosophy came increasingly to be dominated by strands of neo-Hegelian thought, and as a reaction against this, figures such as Bertrand Russell and George Edward Moore began moving the direction of analytic philosophy, which was essentially an updating of traditional empiricism to accommodate the new developments in logic of the German mathematician Gottlob Frege.

Repressed inner drives were projected onto outside world and led to intense hallucinations which were first centred around his physician Dr. Flechsig ( projection of his feelings towards brother ), and then around God ( who represented Schreber's father, Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber ).

The first logical calculus capable of dealing with such inferences was Gottlob Frege's Begriffsschrift, the ancestor of modern predicate logic, which dealt with quantifiers by means of variable bindings.

Based on the earlier Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache by the German lexicographer Franz Passow ( first published in 1819, fourth edition 1831 ), which in turn was based on Johann Gottlob Schneider's Kritisches griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, it has served as the basis for all later lexicographical work on the ancient Greek language, such as the ongoing Greek – Spanish dictionary project Diccionario Griego – Español ( DGE ).

By quoting Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi “ of laws and regulations that concern the interior of a state and which endeavours to strengthen and increase the power of this state and make good use of its forces .” What Foucault reveals is that the original police had a different function as we know it today ; for example one of their primary function was to administer the state in the guise of statisticians, allocating resources, supervision of grain in times of crisis, ensuring circulation of goods and men, secure the development of the state ’ s forces.

Friedrich Gottlob Koenig ( April 17, 1774 in Eisleben – January 17, 1833 ) was a German inventor best known for his high-speed printing press, which he built together with watchmaker Andreas Friedrich Bauer.

Spiess, in his Ritter -, Räuber-and Geister-Romane, as they are called — stories of knights, robbers and ghosts of the " dark " ages — the idea of which he borrowed from Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen and Schiller's Räuber and Der Geisterseher, was the founder of the German Schauerroman ( shocker ), a style of writing continued, though in a finer vein, by Carl Gottlob Cramer ( 1758 – 1817 ) and by Goethe's brother-in-law, Christian August Vulpius.

Germany moved 40, 000 SS soldiers under Gottlob Berger to suppress the uprising, which detained and disarmed two Slovak divisions and 20, 000 soldiers that had been supposed to secure the mountain passes to help the Red Army.