The Spanish founded modern day Quito and Guayaquil as part of the political-administration era which lasted until the war of Independence, the rise of Gran Colombia and Simón Bolívar to the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador.

* 1821 – Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia.

José Antonio Páez Herrera ( 13 June 1790 – 6 May 1873 ) was General in Chief of the army fighting Spain during the Venezuelan Wars of Independence, in addition to becoming the President of Venezuela once it was independent of the Gran Colombia ( 1830 – 1835 ; 1839 – 1843 ; 1861 – 1863 ).

The events prior to the war of Independence in 1806, landed in its port of La Vela de Coro the liberating expedition led by Francisco de Miranda, the precursor of Spanish American wars of independence would bring the tricolor that after the years end up adopting the Gran Colombia, which is now the basis for the official flag of three American republics, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador.

He was called " El Gran Capitán " ( the Great Captain, nickname of Argentine Independence heroe José de San Martín ) or " El Kaiser " ( an allusion to Franz Beckenbauer ) because of his leadership ability, his passion, and his organisational prowess on the field.

With the colonization by the Spanish, the food that would become the arepa was diffused into the rest of the region, known then as Viceroyalty of New Granada and later became La Gran Colombia ( Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama ) at the time of Independence.

This beautiful city of Cumaná saw the birth of several national heroes of and contributors to the Independence, movement among whom it can count Antonio Jose de Sucre, the ‘ Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho ’, first among generals and President of Bolivia ; and next to him the Brigadier General D. Juan Francisco Echeto, brave fighter for Venezuelan independence who did not allow his multiple battle wounds lessen his thirst for liberty.

Finally it was won over by Venezuela's Simon Bolivar, who's ambitious project of a Gran Colombia ( 1819 – 1830 ) was beginning to take shape.

The Republic of Colombia ( 1819 – 1830 ) or ‘ Gran Colombia ’ as it began to be called only after 1886, more or less corresponded in territory to the old colonial administrative district called the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( 1717 – 1819 ).

The territories of the Viceroyalty gained full de facto independence from Spain between 1819 and 1822 after a series of military and political struggles, uniting in a republic now known as Gran Colombia.

Following the triumph over the Spanish Monarchy, Bolívar participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Hispanic-America, a republic, which was named Gran Colombia, of which he was president from 1819 to 1830.

Map of Gran Colombia ( 1819 ) including the Essequibo border.

The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of " la Gran Colombia ".

Once again, it was his victory in 1819 that gave him the leverage to bring about the creation of a unified state, Gran Colombia, with which to oppose the Spanish Monarchy on the continent.

On 17 December 1819 the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country.

Back in Spain, in mid 1819, he was awarded the Gran Cruz Americana ( Grand Cross American ), honors of State Councilor, but aspired to the Secretary of State in Madrid, managed to be appointed minister in St. Petersburg.

Three years later, in 1819, when Simón Bolívar began a second war of independence from the Spanish Empire, he proclaimed the supranational state of la Gran Colombia ( Greater Colombia, 1819 – 31 ), its capital city was Bogotá, and comprised northern South America and Southern Central America ( contemporary Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama ), the previous Viceroyalty of New Granada.

He was the acting President of Gran Colombia between 1819 and 1826, and later elected by Congress as the President of the Republic of New Granada between 1832 and 1837.

Gran Colombia, led by Simón Bolívar from 1819 to 1830, encompassed much of northern South America.

After finally defeating the Spanish in 1819, the colonists declared total independence from Spain and created the Republic of Gran Colombia, which — led by General Santander in 1822 — re-established the Tocaima Canton.

At the end of 1819 the Angostura Congress decreed the union of Venezuela with New Granada in a new Republic of Colombia, ( Gran Colombia ) bringing an end to the Third Republic.

Christian Dietzen, Hans-Hinrich Witt and Michael Wink published in 2003 in Avian Science a study called " The phylogeographic differentiation of the European robin Erithacus rubecula on the Canary Islands revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphometrics: evidence for a new robin taxon on Gran Canaria ?".

On 15 June 2010, during the Sony E3 Electronic Entertainment Expo press conference, it was revealed that Newey collaborated as the Chief Technical Officer for the upcoming video game, Gran Turismo 5 for the PlayStation 3.

It is revealed that the wormhole resulting from Gran Sphere's destruction transported him to the M78 universe, where the film takes place.

However, the population census carried out by INE in 2001, revealed the presence of a total of 42, 600 indigenous people statewide in Bolívar, of which the vast majority live in the Gran Sabana.

The natural parks of the region include the Abruzzo National Park, the National Park of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga the National Park Maiella and Sirente Velino which every year attract thousands of visitors due to their nature and rare species of wildlife such as Abruzzo chamois ; also the region boasts many natural reserves and areas protect.

The natural parks of Abruzzo include the Abruzzo National Park, the National Park of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga the National Park Maiella and Sirente Velino which every year attract thousands of visitors due to their nature and rare species of wildlife such as Abruzzo chamois ; also the region boasts many natural reserves and areas protect.

With the success of Gran City Pop, Rubio performed at many award shows.

Merengue became popular in the United States, mostly on the East Coast, during the 1980s and 90s, when many Dominican artists, among them Victor Roque y La Gran Manzana, Henry Hierro, Zacarias Ferraira, Aventura, Milly, and Jocelyn Y Los Vecinos, residing in the U. S. ( particularly New York ) started performing in the Latin club scene and gained radio airplay.

He also wrote The Garden of Olivet, a devotional oratorio ( libretto by Joseph Bennett ), which was produced at the Norwich festival in 1887, eleven string quartets, a quintet for string quartet and double bass, and many works for the double bass, including two concertos for solo double bass, the Gran Duo Concertante ( originally ) for two double basses, Passione Amorosa for two double basses, and numerous pieces for double bass and piano.

Today, the game is still being played for money in many major cities around the world, usually at locations with a high tourist concentration ( for example: New York and Los Angeles, in the United States, La Rambla in Barcelona, Spain, Gran Via in Madrid, Paris in France, Kurfürstendamm in Berlin, Germany, Bahnhofsviertel in Frankfurt am Main ).

Latin boogaloo also spread throughout the wider Latin music world, especially in Puerto Rico, where top band El Gran Combo released many boogaloos.

Starring Pauline Quirke, Linda Robson and Lesley Joseph, it was created by Laurence Marks and Maurice Gran, who also wrote some of the episodes along with many other writers.

He had visited the Gran Sasso many times, saying it reminded him of the mountains of his native Poland.

In many Latin American countries, liberalism and radicalism have been associated with generally left-of-center political movements such as Colombia's Liberal Party, historically concerned mostly with effecting government decentralization and regional autonomy ( liberals were influential in the total dissolution of at least two defunct countries, the United Provinces of Central America and Gran Colombia ) and separation of church and state.

The 1st number of the final intermedio ( 6 ) was initially a piece by Bardi but was replaced in the actual intermedio by Cavalieri's virtuosic number based on the Aria del Gran Duca which became popular all over Europe and occurs in many arrangements and variations such as that made by Peter Philips in Antwerp.

Buick sold more than 15, 000 Skylarks with the Gran Sport option that first year, and almost as many the next.

However, shortly after the South American colonies became independent of Spain, problems developed in the capitals, and civil wars were sparked in some provinces ; Bolívar lost many of his supporters and fell ill. Opposition to his presidency continued to increase, and in 1830, after 11 years of rule, he resigned as president of Gran Colombia.

Archaeological sites in the region include the settlement of Gran Pajáten, Gran Saposoa, the Atumpucro complex, and the burial sites at Revash and Laguna de los Condores ( Lake of the Condors ), among many others.

The game also features 51 tracks, many of which are new or modified versions of old Gran Turismo favorites, with some notable real-world additions.

However, the first Japanese to fully and truly adopt the gymnastics-oriented Lucha Libre style actually came from rival New Japan Pro Wrestling: Gran Hamada, who had gone on excursion several times to Mexico due to his lack of size and won many titles there.

* Fascist Legacy di Ken Kirby, Gran Bretagna, 1989, Il Pane e le Rose, November 16, 2005 ( many Italian newspapers articles referenced at the end )

Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, called " El Gran Capitán " ( The Great Captain ), had many strategic advantages. He formed his infantry into new units called " Coronelías ," that were the seed of the later Tercios.

The Gran Cardinale received many other offices and benefices, becoming Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church, Governor of Tivoli, Archpriest of St. Mary Major Basilica, Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica, Administrator of Jaen, Spain, of Vizeu, Portugal, of Würzburg, Germany and of Avignon, France.

The series was written by Maurice Gran and Laurence Marks, who give a twist to many of today's global issues.

Gran Turismo was well-received critically, achieving many positive reviews.

Some of the musical events featured in the 2007 Forum include: Tim Sweeny ( USA ), DJ Ibojima ( Sweden ), DJ Tsuyoshi ( Japan ), Plastilina Mosh ( Mexico ), Inspector ( Mexico ), Jumbolia ( Mexico ), Lila Downs ( Mexico ), Jaguares ( Mexico ), Bebel Gilberto ( Brasil ), Daara J ( Senegal ), Kinky ( Mexico ), El Gran Silencio ( Mexico ), Koffi Zinsou and the Drums of Togo ( Togo ), Music Masters of Armenia ( Armenia ), Stockbridge Pipe Band ( Scotland ) among many others.

Only in the Gran Sabana is 40 % of the species of Venezuela, and 23 % in terms of reptiles and amphibians, with many endemic species.