Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

As Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Statue by Rudolf Siemering ( 1835 Königsberg-1905 Berlin )

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

The new Grand Master, aware of his duties to the empire and to the papacy, refused to submit to the crown of Poland.

The Grand Master then journeyed to Wittenberg, where he was advised by Martin Luther to abandon the rules of his Order, to marry, and to convert Prussia into a hereditary duchy for himself.

Summoned before the imperial court of justice, Albert refused to appear and was proscribed, while the Order elected a new Grand Master, Walter von Cronberg, who received Prussia as a fief at the imperial Diet of Augsburg.

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

* Albert of Prussia, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the first duke of Prussia.

# Frederick ( b. Torgau, 26 October 1474 – d. Rochlitz, 14 December 1510 ), Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.

On 9 June the fleet arrived off Malta, then under the ownership of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, ruled by Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim.

Duke Konrad of Masovia still was not capable to end the Prussian attacks on his territory and in 1224 began to conduct negotiations with the Teutonic Knights under Grand Master Hermann von Salza in order to strengthen his forces.

An example from the later Middle Ages is Dieudonné de Gozon, third Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, famous for slaying the dragon of Malpasso.

She had ceased to attend the meetings when she was nominated to be the first woman Grand Master of the Science Fiction Writers of America, but the nomination was withdrawn at the request of her husband, Thomas Reggie, who said that due to the Alzheimer's progress the award and ceremony would be at best confusing and likely upsetting to her.

* 1921 – Carlo Furno, Cardinal Grand Master Emeritus of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem

* Grand Master Seiichi Tanaka.

* 1454 – In the Thirteen Years ' War, the Secret Council of the Prussian Confederation sends a formal act of disobedience to the Grand Master.

# Albert of Prussia ( 17 May 1490, Ansbach – 20 March 1568, Castle Tapiau ), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and later first Duke of Prussia.

Earlier than any other German prince or any other member of the Hohenzollern line including even his younger brother Albert, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, he turned his eyes and heart to the new faith proceeding from Wittenberg.

However, the Templar dies " a victim to the violence of his own contending passions ," which is pronounced by the Grand Master as the judgment of God and proof of Rebecca's innocence.

* Lucas de Beaumanoir – Grand Master of the Knights Templar

However, the method of Rebecca's execution is presented as proposed by Lucas de Beaumanoir, Grand Master of the Knights Templar – a Frenchman and a fanatic, determined to root out " corruption " from the Templars.

During his term as Governor-General of New Zealand ( 1921-1923 ), he was also Grand Master of New Zealand's Grand Lodge.

Heavy fighting occurred at the rebel-held positions around the Grand Canal as these troops advanced towards Dublin.

Several Grand Prix teams established formal links with F3000 teams to develop young drivers ( and engineering talent ); these relationships varied from formal " junior teams " ( such as the one McLaren set up for Nick Heidfeld ) to fairly distant relationships based mostly upon shared sponsors and the use of the ' parent ' team's name.

There are seven of these steps, so at the top the Grand Gallery is only wide.

The purpose of these slots is not known, but the central gutter in the floor of the Gallery, which is the same width as the Ascending Passage, has led to speculation that the blocking stones were stored in the Grand Gallery and the slots held wooden beams to restrain them from sliding down the passage.

God graced me with being able, through such a singular sign, to reveal to my Lord my devotion and the desire I have that his glorious name live as equal among the stars, and since it is up to me, the first discoverer, to name these new planets, I wish, in imitation of the great sages who placed the most excellent heroes of that age among the stars, to inscribe these with the name of the Most Serene Grand Duke.

Later, European sailors used the auks as a navigational beacon, as the presence of these birds signaled that the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were near.

Among these were important historical figures, including Iljaz Hoxha, Hamza Kastrioti, Davud Pasha, Zağanos Pasha, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha ( head of the Köprülü family of Grand Viziers ), the Bushati family, Sulejman Pasha, Edhem Pasha, Nezim Frakulla, Ali Pasha of Tepelena, Haxhi Shekreti, Hasan Zyko Kamberi, Ali Pasha of Gucia, Mehmet Ali ruler of Egypt and Emin Pasha.

Many cities were granted the German system of laws ( Magdeburg rights ), with the largest of these being Vilnius, since 1322 the capital of the Grand Duchy.

Coat of arms of the Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of LuxembourgIn these centuries the electors of Brandenburg, later kings of Prussia ( Borussia ), advanced their claim to the Luxembourg patrimony as heirs-general to William of Thuringia and his wife Anna of Bohemia, the disputed dukes of Luxembourg of the 1460s – Anna was the eldest daughter of the last Luxembourg heiress.

The partnership went on to produce these and other Broadway musicals such as Allegro, Me & Juliet, Pipe Dream, Flower Drum Song, and The Sound of Music, as well as the musical film State Fair ( and its stage adaptation of the same name ), and the television musical Cinderella, all featured in the revue A Grand Night for Singing.

Among these are Flåklypa Grand Prix, Looney Tunes, Tom and Jerry, Wallace and Gromit, Pee-wee's Big Adventure, The Way Things Go, Edward Scissorhands, Back to the Future, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, The Goonies, Gremlins, the Saw film series, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, The Cat from Outer Space, Malcolm, Family Guy, American Dad !, and Waiting ...

Turkish laws such as Article 301, that state " a person who publicly insults Turkishness, or the Republic or Turkish Grand National Assembly of Turkey, shall be punishable by imprisonment ", were used to criminally charge the writer Orhan Pamuk with disrespecting Turkey, for saying that " Thirty thousand Kurds, and a million Armenians, were killed in these lands, and nobody, but me, dares to talk about it.

In the Free City of Cracow ( 1815 – 1846 ), a unicameral Assembly of Representatives was established, and in 1827-1845, a unicameral provincial Sejm existed in the Grand Duchy of Poznań ; Poles were elected to and represented the majority in both of these legislatures, however, they were largely powerless institutions and exercised only very limited power.

* August 4 – Juan Manuel Fangio, driving for Maserati, wins the Formula One German Grand Prix, clinching ( with 4 wins that season ) his record 5th world drivers championship, including his 4th consecutive championship ( also a record ); these 2 records endure for nearly half a century.

However, these charges were all dismissed for " no merit " by Supreme Court Judge Kase on December 11, 2009 on the grounds that the prosecution had misled the Grand Jury in the indictment.

He won six Formula One races, with a record gap of over six years between two of these – the 1983 South African Grand Prix and 1990 San Marino Grand Prix.

Numerous stories depict Jinns, Ghouls, Apes, sorcerers, magicians, and legendary places, which are often intermingled with real people and geography, not always rationally ; common protagonists include the historical Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, his Grand Vizier, Jafar al-Barmaki, and his alleged court poet Abu Nuwas, despite the fact that these figures lived some 200 years after the fall of the Sassanid Empire in which the frame tale of Scheherazade is set.

Grand motets ( such as those of Lully and Delalande ) separated these sections into separate movements.

The Grand Canal cut through the lower reaches of these rivers and fused them into one outlet to the sea, in the form of the current Hai He.

Homologation saw many out-and-out racing cars produced in sufficient quantities to see them classed as production vehicles ; the FIA responded by placing more restrictions on even the allegedly production-based cars and placed draconian limits on the power available to prototypes – these prototypes of the late 1960s / early 1970s were comfortably quicker than contemporary Grand Prix machinery and for 1972 they were constrained to run much smaller engines to F1 rules, often detuned for endurance.

Since the demise of Group C ( where Japan and Germany both had successful series of their own ) Japan has largely gone its own way in sports car racing ; the Super GT series is for very highly modified production-based cars ; although prototypes are slowly returning to Japanese racing in the Japan Le Mans Challenge many of these ' prototypes ' are little more than rebodied Formula 3 cars ( although there has been a long Japanese tradition of such hybrids ; a Grand Champion series ran for many years with rebodied Formula 2 and Formula 3000 cars, rather similar to the second incarnation of Can-Am ).

A few months later, on 20 May 1807, King Louis ( now called " Lodewijk ") altered these arms, adding a helmet, leaving out his brother ’ s star and replacing the Grand Aigle with his own Dutch Order of the Union and the old Dutch devise Eendracht maakt macht (" Unity makes strength ") around the shield.

Despite these minor differences, fraternal relations exist between Lodges of corresponding degrees under different Grand Lodges.