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Gross asserted emphatically that Polish perpetrators were not coerced by the Germans: “ the ‘’ Einsatzgruppen ,’’ German police detachments and various functionaries who implemented the ‘ final solution ’ did not compel the local population to participate directly in the murder of Jews ... the so-called local population involved in killings of Jews did so of their own free will .” ( p. 133 )
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Gross and Polish
Maurice married a Polish princess, Maria Jablonowska ( see Jablonowski ), with whom he had two daughters, Simone ( who married Edgar Gross, son of a wealthy Philadelphia soap manufacturer ) and Lysiana ( who married the playwright Louis Verneuil ).
" Gross concluded that the Jews in Jedwabne had been rounded up and killed not by the Germans as had previously been assumed, but by a mob of their own Polish neighbors.
While Polish historians praised Gross for drawing attention to a topic which had received insufficient attention for a half-century, several historians criticized ‘ Neighbors ’ on the grounds that it included accounts which were uncorroborated, and that where conflicting testimonies existed, Gross had chosen that account which presented the Poles in the worst possible light.
The reason was growing suspicion about corruption during the privatization of chemical conglomerate Unipetrol to the Polish PKN Orlen, involving Gross < sup > 3 </ sup >.
Jan T. Gross attributes the massacre to what he describes as Polish hostility towards the Jews.
Jan T. Gross was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1947 to Hanna Szumańska, a Polish mother, who was a member of the Polish resistance ( Armia Krajowa ) and Zygmunt Gross, a Polish-Jewish father who was a PPS member.
A subsequent investigation conducted by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance did not support Gross thesis on issues such as the number of people murdered, and the extent of Nazi German involvement in the massacre.
Gross ' Fear-Anti-Semitism in Poland after Auschwitz, which deals with antisemitism and violence against Jews in post-war Poland was published in the United States in 2006 and had received praise in the United States ; its Polish version, published in 2008, got mixed media reception re-starting a nationwide debate about antisemitism in Poland during World War II and after.
The book has been welcomed by some Polish historians and criticized by others who do not deny the facts Jan Gross presented in his book, but dispute his interpretation.
In European business centers where a large Jewish population existed, such as Hamburg, Prague, Gross Glogau, Polish Lissa, Breslau, and Frankfurt am Main, Jews, and at times even female Jews, were found acting as letter-carriers under state control.
Gross and perpetrators
In January 2001, during a visit to New York, IPN President Leon Kieres made public that IPN had accumulated enough evidence to confirm Gross ’ basic thesis that a group of Poles were indeed perpetrators in the Jedwabne massacre.
Gross and were
Gross had received Marshall courteously and they were discussing the case.
Sarah Gross found that the treatments given her for a nervous ailment by the masseur were not helping her.
Among his earliest influences were Punch cartoonist – illustrator Phil May, and American comic strip cartoonists Tad Dorgan, Cliff Sterrett, Rube Goldberg, Rudolph Dirks, Fred Opper, Billy DeBeck, George McManus and Milt Gross.
A number of the National Lampoons most acerbic and humorous covers were designed or overseen by Gross, including:
Gross and Levitt found it especially troubling that academic journals were not judging the intellectual integrity of the scholarship through peer review but were merely judging papers according to their political tilt.
Although not as complex as other measures, and now essentially replaced by the Human Development Index, the PQLI is notable for Morris's attempt to show a " less fatalistic pessimistic picture " by focussing on three areas where global quality of life was generally improving at the time, and ignoring Gross National Product and other possible indicators that were not improving.
After the first non-native Americans settled in the area in 1836, the names " Grosse Point Territory " and " Gross Point voting district " were used through the 1830s and 1840s, although the territory had no defined boundaries.
Gross recognized that German forces were in Jedwabne during the massacre:
Gross ’ principal sources were first, an account which Szmul Wasersztajn, a Jewish survivor from Jedwabne, had filed in 1945 with the Jewish Historical Institute ( żydowski instytut historyczny, ZIH ) in Poland ; and secondly, the investigation depositions and trial records of the 1949-1950 trials.
Gross Point's municipal revenues were dependent on the 15 taverns in town.
The critique from ecological economics was even more fundamental, claiming that most means of measuring well-being indicated that the developed nations were in a state of " uneconomic growth " through the 1980s and 1990s, due mostly to failures of measurement, most or all of which could be tracked back to the practice of using the Gross National Product as a means of making money supply decisions.
Many distinguished writers have been contributors, including T. S. Eliot, Henry James, and Virginia Woolf, but reviews were normally anonymous until 1974, during which year signed reviews were gradually introduced under the editorship of John Gross.
" In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide ( 2004 ), Rolling Stone journalist Joe Gross gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars and viewed it as a " quantum leap " over the band's previous work, commenting that it " shows that they ditched grunge for soul because they were no damn good at the former and ladies dig the latter.
The following month, they were retitled again, as " The Germs: Totally Gross ".
The worldwide homosexual emancipation movement also began in Germany in the late 19th century, and many of the thinkers whose work inspired sexual liberation in the 20th century were also from the German-speaking world, such as Sigmund Freud, Otto Gross, Herbert Marcuse, Wilhelm Reich, and Max Stirner's follower and biographer, John Henry MacKay.
" This sometimes caused difficulties for Gross, and guest artists were used frequently to help lighten the load-and on one occasion, Peter Hogan was brought in to write a filler issue that gave Gross more time to catch up.
From the beginning of Gross ' run, there were tentative plans for the comic to rest after it reached its 75th issue.
Prices were stable, and the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) grew steadily until 1929, when the financial bubble burst.
Gross and by
The result was the `` Gross Report '', prepared by Gross, as chairman, with the assistance of two U.N. Under Secretaries, Constantin Stavropoulos and Philippe De Seynes.
According to the Central Bank of Armenia, during the first half of 2008, cash remittances sent back to Armenia by Armenians working abroad rose by 57. 5 percent and totaled $ 668. 6 million USD, equivalent to 15 percent of the country's first-half Gross Domestic Product.
* Gross, Milt, He Done Her Wrong, introduction by Al Capp ( 1963 Ed.
* GPA — Gross Production Average: 1. 8 times on-base percentage plus slugging percentage, divided by four
Gross anatomy of a heart that has been damaged by chronic Chagas disease-see also:: Image: Heart radiology Chagas disease. JPG | Chagas heart, radiology
People began recognizing Flockhart's acting ability when William Esper ( Mason Gross ' theatre director and Flockhart's acting teacher ) made an exception to policy by allowing Flockhart to perform on the main stage.
A leading designer, builder, manufacturer, seller and exporter of cash registers in the 1950s until the 1970s was London-based ( and later Brighton-based ) Gross Cash Registers Ltd., founded by brothers Sam and Henry Gross.
The Economy of Eritrea has experienced modest growth in recent years, indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in 2004 of 2. 5 % over 2003.
Eventually, Afghanistan went from a traditional economy to a centrally planned economy up until 2002 when it was replaced by a free market economy Gross domestic product has fallen substantially since the 1980s due to disruption of trade and transport as well as loss of labor and capital.
Gross domestic product | GDP composition of sector and labour force by occupation.
Macroeconomic output is usually measured by Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) or one of the other national accounts.
But by the next day, Tom Gross and many others noted that the online articles had been edited, replacing " terrorists " by " bombers ".
However, Mexico was one of the Latin American nations most affected by the 2008 recession with its Gross Domestic Product contracting by more than 6 %.
Lillian Gross, described as a " Mixed Blood " by the Smithsonian source, was of Cherokee and European-American heritage.
Beginning with the eighth issue, the art direction of the magazine was taken over by Michael C. Gross, who was responsible for the look of the magazine until 1974.
Gross industrial production in 1917 had decreased by over 36 percent from what it had been in 1916.
It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate ( such as GDP or Gross National Income ) and dividing it by the total population.
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