* Gruppe SPUR is founded.

Gruppe SPUR, a German artistic collective, collaborated with the Situationist International on projects beginning in 1959, continuing until the group officially joined the SI in 1961.

The first major split was the exclusion of Gruppe SPUR, the German section, from the SI on February 10, 1962.

Many different disagreements led to the fracture, for example ; while at the Fourth SI Conference in London in December, 1960, in a discussion about the political nature of the SI, the Gruppe SPUR members disagreed with the core situationist stance of counting on a revolutionary proletariat ; the accusation that their activities were based on a " systematic misunderstanding of situationist theses "; the understanding that at least one Gruppe SPUR member, sculptor Lothar Fischer, and possibly the rest of the group, were not actually understanding and / or agreeing with the situationist ideas, but were just using the SI to achieve success in the art market.

the betrayal, in the Spur # 7 issue, of a common agreement on the Gruppe SPUR and SI publications.

A few months after the exclusion, in the context of judicial prosecution against the group by the German state, Debord expressed his esteem to Gruppe SPUR, calling it the only significant artist group in Germany since World War II, and regarding it at the level of the avant-gardes in other countries.

This principle was affirmed since the founding of the SI in 1957, but the qualitative step of resolving all the contradictions of having situationists that make concessions to the cultural market, was made with the exclusion of Gruppe SPUR in 1962.

Contributors include: Theo Wolvecamp, de Jong, Armando, Vanderkamm, Gruppe SPUR, de Boer, Edle Hansen, Singer, Gordon Fazarkely, M. Bucaille, G. Hay, Asger Jorn, P. Schat, Noel Arnaud, Pierre Alechinsky, Boris Vian, and many others.

He formed Gruppe SPUR in 1957 with the painters Heimrad Prem, Helmut Sturm and the sculptor Lothar Fischer.

While studying painting with Ernst Schumacher at the Hochschule der Künste, Berlin, he formed Gruppe SPUR with Lothar Fischer, Helmut Sturm, and Hans-Peter Zimmer.

After this he joined Heimrad Prem, Lothar Fischer and Hans-Peter Zimmer in founding Gruppe SPUR, which in 1959 entered the Situationist International.

* Situationist International: Gruppe SPUR

Hence, Fighter Wing 1 was JG 1, its first Gruppe ( group ) was I ./ JG 1, using a Roman numeral for the Gruppe number only, and its first Staffel ( squadron ) was 1 ./ JG 1.

Each Gruppe was commanded by a Kommandeur, and a Staffel by a Staffelkapitãn.

He was a member of the Berliner Sezession in 1909, and he was associated with German expressionist groups: Die Brücke, the Novembergruppe, Gruppe 1919, the Blaue Reiter circle and Die Blaue Vier ( The Blue Four ).

Between 1925 and 1929, the SS was considered merely a small Gruppe of the SA and numbered no more than 1000 personnel ; by 1929 that number was down to 280.

The exclusion was a recognition that Gruppe SPUR's " principles, methods and goals " were significantly in contrast with those of the SI.

Luftwaffe records indicate that the Ju 88 maritime fighters were operating beyond their normal patrol area to intercept and shoot down the aircraft. Bloody Biscay: The Story of the Luftwaffe's Only Long Range Maritime Fighter Unit, V Gruppe / Kampfgeschwader 40, and Its Adversaries 1942 – 1944 ( Chris Goss, 2001 ) quotes First Oberleutnant Herbert Hintze, Staffel Führer of 14 Staffeln and based in Bordeaux, that his Staffel shot down the DC-3 because it was recognised as an enemy aircraft, unaware that it was an unarmed civilian airliner.

The Germans had put two divisions of Gruppe Arras on the ridge with another two in reserve and Gruppe Caudry was reinforced.

Next, the regiment was sent to the area of Korsun-Cherkassy, where Gruppe Stemmermann had been encircled in the Cherkassy Pocket.

The first shipment of Panzer I's was brought under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma in Gruppe Thoma ( also referred to as Panzergruppe Drohne ).

In opposition to Otto Gruppe, he denied that Plato affirmed the diurnal rotation of the earth ( Untersuchungen über das kosmische System des Platon, 1852 ), and when in opposition to him Grote published his opinions on the subject ( Plato and the Rotation of the Earth ) Böckh was ready with his reply.

Meanwhile, Schönert was made CO of II ./ NJG 5, and an armourer serving with the Gruppe, Oberfeldwebel Mahle developed a working arrangement with the unit's Bf 110s mounting a pair of MG FF / M cannon in the rear compartment of the upper fuselage, firing through the canopy.

The only Luftwaffe unit to deploy the Fritz-X was Gruppe III of Kampfgeschwader 100 Wiking ( Viking ), designated III ./ KG 100.

Perhaps the flashiest Luftwaffe nose art was the red and white viper snake insignia running through the whole fuselage of certain Ju 87 Stukas that served with the II Gruppe, and especially the 6.

Gruppe Thoma formed part of Gruppe Imker, the ground formations of the German Condor Legion, who fought on the side of Franco's Nationalists.

The German 60th Infantry Division was formed in late 1939, from Gruppe Eberhardt, a collection of SA units that had been engaged in the capture of Danzig during the Invasion of Poland.

In late November 2006, three members from the CDU faction were excluded and since then have formed a further faction, styling themselves the CSG ( Christlich Soziale Gruppe ).

In 1954, the Wiener Gruppe ( Group of Vienna ) was formed by H. C. Artmann and others.

The Geschwader Stab ( headquarters staff ) and I. Gruppe / JG 27 were formed in Handorf, Germany on 1 October 1939.

Gruppe was formed in January 1940 in Magdeburg.

Gruppe was formed in June 1943 in Kalamaki, Greece.

Galland said after the war, had it not been for the Allied landing in Normandy which increased the need for lighter fighter variants, each Geschwader in the Luftwaffe would have contained a Gruppe of Sturmbock aircraft by September 1944.

Following the publication of Too Far Afield by his fellow Gruppe 47 member Günter Grass, Reich-Ranicki appeared on the cover of the magazine Der Spiegel, tearing the novel apart.

General Adolf Galland was famous for painting Mickey Mouse on his aircraft, and the mascot was adopted by his Gruppe during the early airwar phase of World War II.

As a ' fire-brigade ', I / JG54 was transferred to Poltava in the Ukraine in desperate defence, then in September the Gruppe, now led by Nowotny, was transferred back to Orel on the northern side, to defend against that offensive.

Richthofen was not so much shocked by total Ju 87 losses, which were running at a bearable 15 per cent, assuming the raids were getting results and the battle short, but he was alarmed at the near destruction of entire Gruppe, a loss rate which ran at 50 per cent.

* October 24 – The Luftwaffes I. Gruppe, Nachtjagdgeschwader 2, scores the first aerial victory by a German night intruder aircraft during World War II with a kill over England.

* Operation Fruhlingsfest: conducted from 17 April 1944 – 12 May 1944 in the area of Polotsk by units of Gruppe von Gottberg.

Inspired by the Spanish Group 98 they founded the Gruppe 47.

In 1944, the rank of Gruppenführer was adopted by the Volkssturm as a low level non-commissioned officer position in charge of squad sized formations ( Gruppe ) of Volkssturm soldiers.

Gruppe Stemmermann must perform breakthrough as far as the line Zhurzintsy-Hill 239 by its own effort.

* Germany-Designed by architect Wund Gruppe, the 24, 000 m² building was the largest nation pavilion at Expo.

By time the Gruppe B had been launched as the production 959 in 1985, Group B rules had been altered by FISA to better suit the class ' use in the World Rally Championship rather than the Sports-Prototype Championship.

The Gruppe Arbeiterpolitik, founded by Heinrich Brandler, is effectively a successor organisation.

* Abundance for the Pulitzer Fountain, NYC ( completed by Isidore Konti and Karl Gruppe ), 1915

* Gruppe 1: Ten destroyers transporting 2, 000 Gebirgsjäger troops commanded by General Eduard Dietl to Narvik

At 23: 00, as Forbes was just learning of the incident with Orzeł, Gruppe 5 was confronted by the Norwegian patrol vessel Pol III at the entrance to the Oslofjord.

Under constant attack by II Gruppe, Jagdgeschwader 1, 487 Squadron continued on to its target, the few surviving aircraft completing bombing runs before being shot down.

In 1966 Bösendorfer was taken over by the Jasper Corporation ( later renamed Kimball International ), parent company of Kimball Pianos, where it remained before returning to Austrian hands, when it was purchased by BAWAG PSK Gruppe in 2002.

deGarthe later studied marine painting in Rockport, Massachusetts under Stanley Woodward, followed by Emile Gruppe in East Gloucester, Massachusetts and George Groz at the Art Students League in New York.