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Guangxu Emperor and the reformists then launched a more comprehensive reform effort, the Hundred Day's Reform ( 1898 ), but it was shortly overturned by the conservatives under Empress Dowager Cixi in a military coup.
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Guangxu and Emperor
* 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China ( d. 1908 )
* 1875 – Guangxu Emperor of China began his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.
* 1898 – The Hundred Days ' Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor with a plan to change social, political and educational institutions in China, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days.
Before her death, on November 15, 1908, she allegedly ordered her trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor.
However, Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor both died in 1908, leaving a relatively powerless and unstable central authority.
* Guangxu Emperor ( China )
* November 14 – The Guangxu Emperor of China ( b. 1871 )
* August 14 – Guangxu Emperor of China ( d. 1908 )
* Guangxu Emperor ( China )
* September 21 – Empress Dowager Cixi of China engineers a coup d ' etat, marking the end of the Hundred Days ' Reform ; the Guangxu Emperor is arrested.
Prominent examples include Empress Dowager Cixi, mother of the Tongzhi Emperor ( 1861 – 1874 ), and aunt and adoptive mother of the Guangxu Emperor ( 1874 – 1908 ), who ruled China for 47 years ( 1861 – 1908 ), Empress Wu Zetian ( who ultimately declared herself Empress, and was subsequently overthrown ) and the Empress Dowager Lü of the Han Dynasty.
The Qing Court at the time was divided between progressives under the leadership of the Guangxu Emperor, and conservatives under the Empress Dowager Cixi, who had temporarily retreated to the Summer Palace as a place of " retirement ".
Making a political alliance with the Empress Dowager, and becoming a lasting enemy of the Guangxu Emperor, Yuan left the capital in 1899 for his new appointment as Governor of Shandong.
The Empress Dowager and the Guangxu Emperor died within a day of each other in November 1908. and sources indicate that the will of the Emperor specifically ordered Yuan be executed.
Progressive Chinese officials, with support from Protestant missionaries, persuaded Emperor Guangxu to institute reforms, which alienated many conservative officials by their sweeping nature.
After the Reforms ended, the conservative Empress Dowager Cixi seized power and placed the reformist Guangxu Emperor under house arrest.
In the early hours of August 15, just as the Foreign Legations were being relieved, the Empress Dowager, dressed in the padded blue cotton of a farm woman, the Emperor Guangxu, and a small retinue climbed into three wooden ox carts and escaped from the city covered with rough blankets.
the Rescue Emperor Society ) in late Qing Dynasty, an organisation that supported the pro-reform Guangxu and advocated constitutional monarchy as a peaceful political reform, against both the conservative rulers ( such as Cixi ) who opposed any reform and the Tongmenghui who sought to overthrow the monarchy and establish the Republic of China
Yuan became increasingly disrespectful of the dynasty and only loyal to the party from which he benefited ; his defection to Cixi against Guangxu Emperor was a major blow to the Hundred Days Reform.
On the death of the Tongzhi Emperor in 1875, he introduced a large armed force into the capital and effected a coup d ' etat which placed the Guangxu Emperor on the throne under the tutelage of the two dowager empresses.
However Emperor Guangxu is enraged that the Japanese fleet is near Chinese territory, so he insist that the convoys be continued and the Japanese fleet be pushed back.
Guangxu and reformists
The Guangxu Emperor may have actually been suckered into a trap by the reformists led by Kang Youwei.
Guangxu and then
Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when, at the death of the Tongzhi Emperor, contrary to the rules of succession, she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor in 1875.
Guangxu was then taken to Ocean Terrace, a small palace on an island in the middle of a lake linked to the rest of the Forbidden City with only a controlled causeway.
The conservative faction was led by Empress Dowager Cixi, who became the most powerful political figure in the Manchu court after she succeeded first in controlling the young emperor Tongzhi and then in making Guangxu, her nephew, emperor in 1875.
Zaitian then became known as the Guangxu Emperor.
Guangxu and more
After taking power, Guangxu was obviously more reform minded than the conservative leaning Cixi.
For a brief time, after the supposed retirement of Empress Dowager Cixi, Guangxu issued edicts for a massive number of far-reaching modernising reforms with the help of more progressive ministers such as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.
Kang Youwei continued to work for a more progressive Qing Empire while in exile, remaining loyal to the Guangxu Emperor and hoping to eventually restore him to power.
In 1912 Sun Yat-sen praised the Guangxu Emperor for his educational reform package that allowed China to learn more about Western culture.
Guangxu and reform
When implementing reform, the Guangxu Emperor by-passed the Grand Council and appointed four reformers to advise him.
At the suggestion of the reform advisors, the Guangxu Emperor also held secret talks with former Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi with the aim of using his experience in the Meiji Restoration to lead China through similar reforms.
In 1898, Emperor Guangxu was guided by reformers like Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao for a drastic reform in education, military and economy under the Hundred Days Reforms.
He had followed the lead of the Guangxu Emperor, whom Yung described as the great pioneer of reform in China.
However, Consort Zhen urged the Guangxu Emperor to be " strong and independent ", and encouraged his attempts to reform and learn foreign languages.
Guangxu and effort
Returning to the Forbidden City after the withdrawal of the allied powers, Guangxu was known to have spent the next few years working in his isolated palace with watches and clocks, which had been a childhood fascination, some say in an effort to pass the time until the death of Empress Dowager Cixi.
Guangxu and Hundred
After the Guangxu Emperor's Hundred Days ' Reform in 1898, however, Cixi decided that the reforms were too drastic, and plotted to restore her own regency through a coup d ' état.
Cixi rejected the Hundred Days ' Reforms of 1898 as impractical and detrimental to dynastic power and placed the Guangxu Emperor under house arrest for supporting reformers.
In June 1898, Guangxu began the Hundred Days ' Reform, aimed at a series of sweeping political, legal, and social changes.
Ronglu played a leading role in putting an end to the Hundred Days ' Reform in 1898, and in the subsequent internment of the Guangxu Emperor, so Zaifeng greatly disliked him, and agreed to marry his daughter only because he felt it was unwise to oppose Cixi.
Zaifeng's first concern was to punish the Beiyang Army's leader Yuan Shikai, who betrayed the Guangxu Emperor and supported Ronglu in putting an end to the Hundred Days ' Reform in 1898.
Due to her opposition to the Guangxu Emperor's Hundred Day's Reform of 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi had him imprisoned inside the former Imperial Residence.
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