Although the Kebra Nagast and some traditional Ethiopian histories have stated that Yodit ( or " Gudit ," Judith ; another name given her was " Esato ," Esther ), a 10th century usurping queen, was Jewish, some scholars consider that it is unlikely that this was the case.

* Gudit, a 10th century queen who sacked Axum, now in Ethiopia ; also known as Judith or Yudit

" Judith's Field ": an area full of ruins of destroyed buildings which according to tradition were ruined by the forces of Gudit | Queen Judith.

* The Aksumite Empire is destroyed by pagan invaders under the leadership of Queen Gudit.

Information about Gudit is contradictory and incomplete.

There is a tradition that Gudit sacked and burned Debre Damo, which at the time was a treasury and a prison for the male relatives of the king of Ethiopia ; this may be an echo of the later capture and sack of Amba Geshen by Ahmed Gragn.

If Gudit did not belong to one of the Sidamo peoples, then some scholars, based on the traditions that Gudit was Jewish, propose that she was of the Agaw people, who historically have been numerous in Lasta, and a number of whom ( known as the Beta Israel ), have professed an Israelite pre-Ezra Judaism since ancient times.

Another tradition, recorded by Thomas Pakenham, states that this practice predates the Zagwe dynasty, and was first practiced on Debre Damo, which was captured by the 10th century queen Gudit, who then isolated 200 princes there to death ; however, Pakenham also notes that when questioned, the abbot of the monastery on Debre Damo knew of no such tale.

They believe Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity was paganized after the 960s, during the reign of queen Gudit, who destroyed & burned most of the church's possessions and scriptures.

This chronological synchronicity with the tenure of Patriarch Philotheos, and the intervention of king Georgios II of Makuria, provides us a date of c. 960 for Gudit.

The priest explained it as the work of Gudit, who had piled the church full of hay and set it ablaze nine centuries before.

It was during the office of Patriarch Philotheos of Alexandria when Gudit started her revolt, near the end of the reign of the king who had deposed the Abuna Petros.

The Kingdom of Aksum was finally destroyed by Gudit, and eventually the people of Aksum were forced south and their civilization declined.

The Gudit Stelae to the west of town, unlike the northern area, are interspersed with mostly 4th century tombs.

He claimed Solomonic forebears, direct descendants of the pre-Zagwe Axumite Emperors, who had used Shewa as their safe haven when their survival was threatened by Gudit and other enemies.

Its first putative destruction occurred at the hands of Queen Gudit during the 10th century.

These ruins are located in the western part of Aksum, across the Gondar road from the Gudit Stelae field.

Around 960, Queen Gudit destroyed the remnants of the Aksumite Empire, causing a shift in its temporal power centre that later regrouped more to the south.

The South Arabian alphabet, a sister script to the Phoenician alphabet, is the script from which the Ge ' ez alphabet ( an abugida ) is descended.

Alphabets: < span style =" background-color: lightblue ; color: white ;"> Armenian alphabet | Armenian </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 008080 ; color: white ;"> Cyrillic | < font color =" white "> Cyrillic </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color: brown ; color: white ;"> Georgian alphabet | < font color =" white "> Georgian </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 0000FF ; color: white ;"> Greek alphabet | < font color =" white "> Greek </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# AAAAAA ; color: black ;"> Latin script | Latin </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# CCFF99 ; color: black ;"> Latin ( and Arabic script | Arabic ) </ span >, < span style =" background-color: cyan ; color: black ;"> Latin and Cyrillic </ span > Abjads: Arabic script | < span style =" background-color: green ; color: white ;"> Arabic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 00ff7f ; color: black ;"> Hebrew alphabet | Hebrew </ span > Abugidas: < span style =" background-color :# FFC000 ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | North Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color: orange ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | South Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 66FF00 ; color: white ;"> Ge ' ez script | Ge ' ez </ span >, < span style =" background-color: olive ; color: white ;"> < font color =" white "> Tāna </ font > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FFFF80 ; color: black ;"> Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Canadian Syllabic and Latin </ span > Logographic + syllabic: < span style =" background-color: red ; color: white ;"> Pure logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# DC143C ; color: white ;"> Mixed logographic and syllabaries </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FF00FF ; color: black ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 800080 ; color: white ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary </ span >

In this way, the South Arabian alphabet evolved into the Ge ' ez alphabet between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

It is an Ethiopian name of the Ge ‘ ez script, ’ ä bu gi da, taken from four letters of that script the way abecedary derives from Latin a be ce de.

There are a few historical records claiming that this law code was translated into Ge ' ez and entered Ethiopia around 1450 in the reign of Zara Yaqob.

In Ge ' ez and the modern Ethiosemitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea, two forms exist: ፋሲካ (" Fasika ", fāsīkā ) from Greek Pascha, and ትንሣኤ (" Tensae ", tinśā ' ē ), the latter from the Semitic root N-Ś -', meaning " to rise " ( cf.

Central areas of Eritrea and most tribes in today's northern Ethiopia share a common background and cultural heritage in the Kingdom of Aksum ( and its successor dynasties ) of the first millennium ( as well as the first millennium BC kingdom of D ’ mt ), and in its Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Church ( today, with an autocephalous Eritrean branch ), as well as in its Ge ' ez language.

" Other dated inscriptions are used to determine a floruit for GDRT ( interpreted as representing a Ge ' ez name such as Gadarat, Gedur, Gadurat or Gedara ) around the beginning of the 3rd century.

Unless Jarma is a nickname for Axum ( hypothetically from Ge ' ez girma, " remarkable, revered "), the capital had moved from Axum to a new site, yet undiscovered.

The remaining 95 % are Christians, so divided: 78 % of the Eritrean Orthodox faith, 12 % Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic ( whose mass is held in Ge ' ez as opposed to Latin ), and 5 % belonging to various Protestant and other Christian denominations, the majority of which belong to the ( Lutheran ) Evangelical Church of Eritrea.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Church prescribes a number of fasting ( tsom Ge ' ez: ጾም ṣōm ) periods, including Wednesdays, Fridays, and the entire Lenten season, so Ethiopian cuisine contains many dishes that are vegan ( Amharic: ye-tsom የጾም ye-ṣōm, Tigrinya: nay-tsom ናይጾም nāy-ṣōm ).

Following this, berbere is added to make a spicy keiy ( Amharic: ቀይ ḳey, Tigrinya, Ge ' ez: ቀይሕ ḳeyyiḥ ; " red ") wat, or may be omitted for a milder alicha wat or alecha wat ( Amharic: አሊጫ ālič ̣ ā ).

Meat such as beef ( siga, Ge ' ez: ሥጋ śigā ), chicken ( Amharic: ዶሮ dōrō, Tigrinya: ደርሆ derhō ), fish ( Amharic: asa ), goat or lamb ( Amharic: beg, Tigrinya በግዕ beggiʻ ) is added ; legumes such as split peas ( Amharic: ክክ kik, Tigrinya: ክኪ kikkī ) or lentils ( Amharic: ምስር misir, Tigrinya: ብርስን birsin ); or vegetables such as potato ( dinich, Amharic: ድንች dinič, Tigrinya ድንሽ diniš ), carrots and chard ( Tigrinya: costa ) are also used in wat.

Meat or vegetables are sautéed to make tibs ( also tebs, t ' ibs, tibbs, etc., Ge ' ez ጥብስ ṭibs ).

Another distinctive Ethiopian dish is kitfo ( frequently spelled ketfo ), which consists of raw ( or rare ) beef mince marinated in mitmita ( Ge ' ez: ሚጥሚጣ mīṭmīṭā, a very spicy chili powder ) and niter kibbeh.

Fit-fit or fir-fir ( Ge ' ez: ፍርፍር firfir ; ፍትፍት fitfit ), made from shredded injera with spices, is a common breakfast dish.

Another popular breakfast food is dulet ( Ge ' ez: ዱለት dūlet ), a spicy mixture of tripe, liver, beef, and peppers with injera.

Tej is a potent honey wine, similar to mead, that is frequently served in bars ( in particular, in a tej bet ; Ge ' ez ጠጅ ቤት ṭej bēt, " tej house ").

Gurage cuisine additionally makes use of the false banana plant ( enset, Ge ' ez: እንሰት inset ), a type of ensete.

The plant is pulverized and fermented to make a bread-like food called qocho or kocho ( Ge ' ez: ቆጮ ḳōč ̣ ō ), which is eaten with kitfo.

The root of this plant may be powdered and prepared as a hot drink called bulla ( Ge ' ez: ቡላ būlā ), which is often given to those who are tired or ill. Another typical Gurage preparation is coffee with butter ( kebbeh ).

It is possible that Da () ( which became Attic De ()), is the Doric form of Ge (), " earth "; the old name of the chthonic earth-goddess and Demeter is " Mother-Earth ".

Germanium ( ) is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.

The temperature lowered to () for the gadolinium alloy Gd < sub > 85 </ sub > Er < sub > 15 </ sub >, and the effect is considerably stronger for the alloy Gd < sub > 5 </ sub >( Si < sub > 2 </ sub > Ge < sub > 2 </ sub >), but at a much lower temperature (<).

Lake Tana ( also spelled T ' ana, Amharic: ጣና ሐይቅ Ṭānā Hāyḳ ," Lake Tana ," an older variant is Tsana, Ge ' ez ጻና Ṣānā ; sometimes called " Dembiya " after the region to the north of the lake ) is the source of the Blue Nile and is the largest lake in Ethiopia.