Canadian scholar Richard Toporoski theorised in 1998 that " if, let us say, an alteration were to be made in the United Kingdom to the Act of Settlement 1701, providing for the succession of the Crown ... t is my opinion that the domestic constitutional law of Australia or Papua New Guinea, for example, would provide for the succession in those countries of the same person who became Sovereign of the United Kingdom.

Australia-New Guinea, having split from Gondwana during the early Cretaceous, drifted north and, eventually, collided with South-east Asia ; Antarctica moved into its current position over the South Pole ; the Atlantic Ocean widened and, later in the era, South America became attached to North America.

Equatorial Guinea became officially independent from Spain on October 12, 1968.

Relations between Fiji and Papua New Guinea became strained in November 2005, in the wake of revelations that a number of Fijian citizens, possibly mercenaries, had entered Papua New Guinea illegally and were involved in arming and training a separatist militia on the island of Bougainville.

In 1895, French Guinea was made a dependent colony, and its Governor then became a Lieutenant Governor to a Governor-General in Dakar.

French Guinea became the modern day country of Guinea keeping French as its official language.

In 2000 Guinea became embroiled in the instability which had long blighted the rest of West Africa as rebels crossed the borders with Liberia and Sierra Leone and it seemed for a time that the country was headed for civil war.

On 28 September 2009, in what became known as the ' Bloody Monday ' massacre / 2009 Guinea protest, Amnesty International said that Guinea security forces killed more than 150 people and raped over 40 women during and following the protests.

The administrative capital was moved from Bolama to Bissau in 1941, and in 1952, by constitutional amendment, the colony of Portuguese Guinea became an overseas province of Portugal.

Portugal's main rival was the French, their colonial neighbours along the coast on both sides-in Senegal and in the region which became French Guinea.

* former German New Guinea became the Territory of New Guinea ( Australia / United Kingdom ) from 17 December 1920 under a ( at first Military ) Administrator ; after ( wartime ) Japanese / U. S. military commands from 8 December 1946 under UN mandate as North East New Guinea ( under Australia, as administrative unit ), until it became part of present Papua New Guinea at independence in 1975

Recognised as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874, the islands were sold to Germany in 1884, and became part of German New Guinea in 1885.

They became part of the protectorate of German New Guinea some years later.

This conflict, along with the two others already initiated in the other Portuguese colonies of Angola and Portuguese Guinea, became part of the so-called Portuguese Colonial War.

Frogs range in size from the goliath frog ( Conraua goliath ) of West Africa to the long Paedophryne amauensis, first described in Papua New Guinea in 2012.

N ' ko came first into use in Kankan, Guinea as a Maninka alphabet and disseminated from there into other Mande-speaking parts of West Africa.

They include the Indigenous Australians, the Melanesians ( now divided into Austronesian-speaking populations and Papuans, and including the great genetic diversity of New Guinea ), the Semang people of the Malay peninsula, and indigenous first nation Fijians.

The first inhabitants of the region that is now Equatorial Guinea are believed to have been Pygmies, of whom only isolated pockets remain in northern Río Muni.

In September 1968, Francisco Macías Nguema was elected first president of Equatorial Guinea, and independence was granted in October.

At first the movement grew most in the Russian empire and eastern Europe, but soon spread to western Europe and beyond: to Argentina in 1889 ; to Canada in 1901 ; to Algeria, Chile, Japan, Mexico, and Peru in 1903 ; to Tunisia in 1904 ; and to Australia, the United States, Guinea, Indochina, New Zealand, Tonkin, and Uruguay in 1905.

A military dictatorship, led by then-Lt. Col. Lansana Conté and styling itself the Military Committee of National Recovery ( CMRN ), took control of Guinea in April 1984, shortly after the death of independent Guinea's first president, Sékou Touré.

The rivers of Guinea and the islands of Cape Verde were among the first areas in Africa explored by the Portuguese, notably Nuno Tristão, in the 15th century.

As with the other Portuguese territories in mainland Africa ( Portuguese Angola and Portuguese Mozambique ), Portugal exercised control over the coastal areas of Portuguese Guinea when first laying claim to the whole region as a colony.

Papua New Guinea was the first country in the world to grant commercial exploration licenses for seafloor massive sulphide deposits when it granted the initial license to Nautilus Minerals in 1997.

Newton returned to Liverpool, England and, partly due to the influence of his father's friend Joseph Manesty, obtained a position as first mate aboard the slave ship Brownlow, bound for the West Indies via the coast of Guinea.

* 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Rabaul begins, the first fighting of the New Guinea campaign.

The first includes the mountains of the western coast of the Americas, Kamatchaka, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, as well as parts of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

They travelled from the very beginning of the river near Kissidougou in Guinea, walking at first till a raft could be used, then changing to various local crafts as the river broadened and changed.

New Guinea was one of the first landmasses after Africa and Eurasia to be populated by modern humans, with the first migration at approximately the same time as that of Australia.

The prehistory of Papua New Guinea can be traced back to about 60, 000 years ago when people first migrated towards the Australian continent.

The written history began when European navigators first sighted New Guinea in the early part of the 16th century.

When Europeans first arrived, inhabitants of New Guinea and nearby islands – while still relying on bone, wood, and stone tools – had a productive agricultural system.

The first Europeans to sight New Guinea were probably the Portuguese and Spanish navigators sailing in the South Pacific in the early part of the 16th century.

The Gendarmerie is a new branch of the service in which training and education is being supported by the French Military Cooperation in Equatorial Guinea.

French Guinea () was a French colonial possession in West Africa.

French Guinea was established in 1891, taking the same borders as the previous colony of Rivières du Sud ( 1882 – 1891 ).

Prior to 1882, the coastal portions of French Guinea were part of the French colony of Senegal.

In 1894 Rivières du Sud, Coted ' Ivoire and Dahomey were separated into ' independent ' colonies, with Rivières du Sud being renamed the Colony of French Guinea.

French Guinea, along with Senegal, Dahomey, Cote-d ' Ivoire and Upper Senegal and Niger each were ruled by a lieutenant governor, under the Governor General in Dakar.

At the time French Guinea was the only colony to refuse the new constitution.

Guinea, French

Its current boundaries were deterimined during the colonial period by the Conference of Berlin and the French, who ruled Guinea until 1958.

French domination was assured by the defeat in 1898 of the armies of Samori Touré, Mansa ( or Emperor ) of the Ouassoulou state and leader of Malinké descent, which gave France control of what today is Guinea and adjacent areas.

Under the French, the country formed the Territory of Guinea within French West Africa, administered by a governor general resident in Dakar.

The French withdrew quickly, and on October 2, 1958, Guinea proclaimed itself a sovereign and independent republic, with Sékou Touré as president.

The Republic of Guinea Armed Forces ( French: Forces armées guinéennes ) are the armed forces of Guinea.

The new armed forces were formed by incorporating some of the former French soldiers, after a careful screening process to determine political reliability, with members of the former territorial Gendarmie to form the People's Army of Guinea ( L ' Armee Populaire de Guinee ).