Aga Khan I (; or, less commonly but more correctly (; ), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (; ; 1804 in Kohak, Iran – 1881 in Bombay, India ), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian Subcontinent.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah's mother decided to go to the Qajar court in Tehran to obtain justice for her husband's death and was eventually successful.

Hasan Ali Shah thus become known as Aga Khan Mahallati, and the title of Aga Khan was inherited by his successors.

Until Fath Ali Shah's death in 1834, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah enjoyed a quiet life and was held in high esteem at the Qajar court.

Soon after the accession of Muhammad Shah Qajar to the throne of his grandfather, Fath Ali Shah, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah was appointed governor of Kerman in 1835.

Despite the service he rendered to the Qajar government, Hasan Ali Shah was dismissed from the governorship of Kerman in 1837, less than two years after his arrival there, and was replaced by Firuz Mirza Nusrat al-Dawla, a younger brother of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

When it was clear that continuing the resistance was of little use, Hasan Ali Shah sent one of his brothers to Shiraz in order to speak to the governor of Fars to intervene on his behalf and arrange for safe passage out of Kerman.

Hasan Ali Shah was on a hunting trip at the time, but he sent a messenger to request permission of the monarch to go to Mecca for the hajj pilgrimage.

Permission was given, and Hasan Ali Shah's mother and a few relatives were sent to Najaf and other holy cities in Iraq in which the shrines of his ancestors, the Shiite Imams are found.

Hajji Mirza Aqasi sent a messenger to Bahman Mirza to inform him of the spuriousness of Hasan Ali Shah's documents and a battle between Bahman Mīrzā and Hasan Ali Shah broke out in which Bahman Mirza was defeated.

At the time of his arrival in Shahr-i Babak, a formal local governor was engaged in a campaign to drive out the Afghans from the city's citadel, and Hasan Ali Shah joined him in forcing the Afghans to surrender.

The British also negotiated the safe return of Hasan Ali Shah to Persia, which was in accordance with his own wish.

The government agreed to Hasan Ali Shah's return provided that he would avoid passing through Baluchistan and Kirman and that he was to settle peacefully in Mahallat.

Hasan Ali Shah was eventually forced to leave for Calcutta in April 1847, where he remained until he received news of the death of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Although some of his lands were restored to the control of his relatives, his safe return could not be arranged, and Hasan Ali Shah was forced to remain a permanent resident of India.

While in India, Hasan Ali Shah continued his close relationship with the British, and was even visited by the Prince of Wales when the future King Edward VII was on a state visit to India.

The judgement was significant in that it legally established the status of the Khojas as a community referred to as Shia Imami Ismailis, and of Hasan Ali Shah as the spiritual head of that community.

Hasan Ali Shah's authority thereafter was not seriously challenged again.

In 1866, these dissenters filed a suit in the Bombay High Court against Hasan Ali Shah, claiming that the Khojas had been Sunni Muslims from the very beginning.

Upon the death of Ali, his elder son Hasan became leader of the Muslims of Kufa, and after a series of skirmishes between the Kufa Muslims and the army of Muawiyah, Hasan agreed to cede the caliphate to Muawiyah and maintain peace among Muslims.

Hussein, Ali's younger son and brother to Hasan, initially resisted calls to lead the Muslims against Muawiyah and reclaim the caliphate.

Hasan too, was appalled by the political and economic oppression imposed by the Sunni Seljuq ruling class on Shi ' i Muslims living across Iran.

There, he made plans for the capture of the fortress, which was surrounded by a fertile valley whose inhabitants were mainly fellow Shi ’ i Muslims, the support of whom Hasan could easily gather for the revolt against the Seljuqs.

Firstly, because of his involvement in the Battle of Siffin against Ali, whom the Shia Muslims believe was Muhammad's true successor ( see Succession to Muhammad ); secondly, for the breaking of the treaty he made with Hasan ibn Ali, after the death of Hassan ibn Ali, one of broken terms being appointing his son Yazid as his successor ; thirdly, on account of his responsibility for the killing of Hasan ibn Ali by alluring his wife Ja ' dah binte Ash ' as to poison him ; and fourthly by distorting Islam to match his unislamic rule.

After Ali's death, Kufi Muslims pledged allegiance to his eldest son Hasan without dispute, as Ali on many occasions had declared that just People of the House of Muhammad were entitled to rule the Muslim community.

Both Sunni and Shia Muslims regard Hasan as a martyr.

Hasan assisted his father: he went to Kufa and raised an army against the dissenting Muslims, then participated actively in the battles of Basra, Siffin and Nahrawan alongside his father, demonstrating skill both as a soldier and a leader.

The latter did not claim the caliphate so Kufi Muslims gave their allegiance ( bay ' ah ) to Hasan without dispute.

He first attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending him letters asking him to give up his caliphate, believing he could thus avoid killing fellow Muslims and avoid lingering questions regarding his legitimacy should he kill Hasan outright.

The majority of Sunni Muslims do not consider the son of Hasan al-Askari to be the Mahdi nor to be in occultation.

In 1894, the penghulu or judge Hasan Mustafa also helped bring a stop to the fighting by issuing a fatwa, telling the Muslims to submit to the Dutch colonial government.

Hasan, a Muslim, has written articles about Islam and Muslims for the New Statesman and newspapers.

In response to criticism over the use of the term " cattle " to describe non-believers, Hasan wrote in his New Statesman blog: " The Quranic phrase ' people of no intelligence ' simply and narrowly refers to the fact that Muslims regard their views on God as the only intellectually tenable position, just as atheists ( like Richard Dawkins or Sam Harris ) regard believers as fundamentally irrational and, even, mentally deficient.

Hasan argued that " There is, in fact, nothing Islamic about so-called Islamic terrorism … So why are many Muslims so reluctant to condemn such cold-blooded tactics of terror?

Some of the troops, taking this as a sign that Hasan was preparing to give up battle, rebelled and attacked him.

A battle was fought at Rohinkhed with Khalif Hasan Basri, governor of Daulatabad, for Aladdin Ahmad Shah II Bahmani.

Evstafii, had a close-range battle with Hasan Pasha in Real Mustafa, before the latter was suddenly seen to be on fire.

Before the battle, foreseeing the outcome, she sent her two real sons over to the Arab army under the care of the adopted son, and Hasan is said to have given one of them charge of a section of his forces.

Uzun Hasan then ambushed and captured Abu Sa ' id at the battle of Qarabagh, whereupon he executed him.

Telli Hasan Pasha, the Bosniak kapetan of the Ottoman regional force, did not survive the battle ; Hersek Sandjakbey Sultanzade Mehmet Bey and some other beys were also killed.

The conflict with the Chobanids again boiled over, and Hasan Buzurg and Jahan Temur met Hasan Kucek and his new puppet Suleiman Khan in battle on the Jaghatu.

The battle started out well for the Sarbadars, but then Hasan Juri was taken and killed.

In a battle taking place on July 26, 1336, Hasan Buzurg and Muhammad Khan defeated the forces of ' Ali Padshah and his puppet Ilkhan, Musa.

Suleiman was present at the battle on the Jaghatu against the Jalayirids under Hasan Buzurg in June 1340 ; the Chobanids emerged victorious.

In June 1340 Hasan Buzurg and his puppet khan met the Chobanids under Hasan Kucek in battle on the Jaghatu ; the Jalayirids were defeated.

Hasan Khan Mewati represented Meos in the battle of Kanwah along with Rana Sangram Singh ( Rana Sangha ) in 1526 against the Mughal Babur.

Hasan Khan was killed in the battle of Kanwah while his son Tahir Khan was captured by the Mughals.