Thus the concept of Lebensraum was picked up and expanded by publicists of the day, including Karl Haushofer and General Friedrich von Bernhardi.

Pauwels claims Karl Haushofer, the father of geopolitics whose protegee was Deputy Reich Führer Rudolf Hess, as one of the real " seekers after truth " described by Gurdjieff.

Karl Ernst Haushofer ( August 27, 1869 – March 10, 1946 ) was a German general, geographer and geopolitician.

He was born in Munich, Germany, to Max Haushofer, a professor of economics, and Frau Adele Haushofer ( née Fraas ).

Louis Pauwels, in his book " Monsieur Gurdjieff ", describes Haushofer as a former student of George Gurdjieff ; Others, including Pauwels, said that Haushofer created a Vril society ; and that he was a secret member of the Thule Society.

During the pre-war years Haushofer was instrumental in linking Japan to the axis powers, acting in accordance with the theories of his book " Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean ".

From September 24, 1945 on Karl Haushofer was informally interrogated by Father Edmund A. Walsh on behalf of the Allied forces to determine if he should stand trial at Nuremberg for war crimes.

Both drank arsenic and the wife then hanged herself while Haushofer was obviously too weak to do so too.

Haushofer was exposed to Ratzel, who was friends with Haushofer's father, a teacher of economic geography, and would integrate Ratzel's ideas on the division between sea and land powers into his theories, saying that only a country with both could overcome this conflict.

Haushofer even held that urbanization was a symptom of a nation's decline, evidencing a decreasing soil mastery, birthrate and effectiveness of centralized rule.

Haushofer was, what is called today, a proponent of " Eurasianism ", advocating a policy of German – Russian hegemony and alliance to offset an Anglo – American power structure's potentially dominating influence in Europe.

Father Edmund A. Walsh S. J., professor of geopolitics and dean at Georgetown University, who interviewed Haushofer after the allied victory in preparation for the Nuremberg trials, disagreed with Haushofer's assessment that geopolitik was terribly distorted by Hitler and the Nazis.

Haushofer also denied assisting Hitler in writing Mein Kampf, saying that he only knew of it once it was in print, and never read it.

Haushofer was never a member of the Nazi Party, and did voice disagreements with the party, leading to his brief imprisonment.

Haushofer admits that after 1933 much of what he wrote was distorted under duress: his wife had to be protected by Hess's influence ( who managed to have her awarded ' honorary German ' status ); his son was implicated in the July 20 plot to assassinate Hitler and was executed by the Gestapo ; he himself was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for eight months ; and his son and grandson were imprisoned for two-and-a-half months.

LaVey's primary dedication was to Bernardino Nogara ( misprinted as " Logara "), Karl Haushofer, Grigori Rasputin, Basil Zaharoff, Alessandro Cagliostro, Barnabas, Ragnar Redbeard, William Mortensen, Hans Brick, Max Reinhardt, Orrin Klapp, Fritz Lang, Friedrich Nietzsche, W. C. Fields, P. T. Barnum, Hans Poelzig, Reginald Marsh, Wilhelm Reich, and Mark Twain.

After the July 20 plot it was used as a detention centre by the Gestapo, which on the night of April 22, 1945, murdered 16 inmates, amongst them Klaus Bonhoeffer, Rüdiger Schleicher and Albrecht Haushofer, who wrote the " Moabit Sonnets " during his arrest.

The controversial geopolitician Karl Haushofer was among the academics associated with it in its initial phases.

After World War I, the thoughts of Rudolf Kjellén and Ratzel were picked up and extended by a number of German authors such as Karl Haushofer ( 1869 – 1946 ), Erich Obst, Hermann Lautensach and Otto Maull.

Haushofer continued his career as a professional soldier, serving in the army of Imperial Germany, and rising through the Staff Corp by 1899.

Haushofer acknowledges the strategic concept of the Heartland put forward by the British geopolitician Halford Mackinder.

Walsh found that even if Haushofer did not directly assist Hitler, discernible new elements appeared in Mein Kampf, as compared to previous speeches made by Hitler.

Haushofer came under suspicion because of his contacts with left wing socialist figures within the Nazi movement ( led by Gregor Strasser ) and his advocacy of essentially a German – Russian alliance.

The notion of a contact between Haushofer and the Nazi establishment has been stressed by several authors.

Karl Haushofer is a supporting character in the best selling Japanese historical fantasy novel Teito Monogatari ( 1985 — 1989 ) by Hiroshi Aramata.

Haushofer is portrayed as a minor villain in the 2005 anime movie Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa, in which he is voiced by Masane Tsukayama in the Japanese version and John Swasey in the English version.

" It was a translation of the German term " Wehrgeopolitik " as used by German geostrategist Karl Haushofer.

Haushofer, an academic primarily, was interrogated by Father Edmund A. Walsh, a professor of geopolitics from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service, at the request of the U. S. authorities.

Haushofer even held that urbanization was a symptom of a nation's decline by giviing evidence a decreasing soil mastery, birthrate, and effectiveness of centralized rule.

Haushofer acknowledges the strategic concept of the Heartland put forward by the British geopolitician Halford Mackinder.

Father Edmund A. Walsh S. J., professor of geopolitics and dean at Georgetown University, who interviewed Haushofer after the allied victory in preparation for the Nuremberg trials, disagreed with Haushofer's assessment that geopolitik was terribly distorted by Hitler and the Nazis.

Walsh found that even if Haushofer did not directly assist Hitler, discernible new elements appeared in Mein Kampf, as compared to previous speeches made by Hitler.

Haushofer admits that after 1933 much of what he wrote was distorted under duress: his wife had to be protected by Hess's influence ; his son was murdered by the Gestapo ; he himself was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for eight months ; and his son and grandson were imprisoned for two-and-a-half months.

Hitler ’ s ideas about eastward expansion that he promulgated in Mein Kampf were greatly influenced during his 1924 imprisonment by his contact with his geopolitical mentor Karl Haushofer.

While Haushofer accompanied Hess on numerous propaganda missions, and participated in consultations between Nazis and Japanese leaders, he claimed that Hitler and the Nazis only seized upon half-developed ideas and catchwords.

In the novel, the protagonist Yasunori Kato sponsors Haushofer into the Chinese secret society to aid his political agenda to free China and Korea from Japanese control.

While Haushofer accompanies Hess on numerous propaganda missions, and participated in consultations between Nazis and Japanese leaders, he claimed that Hitler and the Nazis only seized upon half-developed ideas and catchwords.

Haushofer met with people from the conservative Kreisau Circle opposition and the Red Orchestra group, whose Berlin leader Arvid Harnack also taught at the DHfP.

Haushofer exercised influence both through his academic teachings, urging his students to think in terms of continents and emphasizing motion in international politics, and through his political activities.

For instance, in Haushofer's ' Geo-Politics of the Pacific Space ' ( Geopolitik des pazifischen Ozeans ), Haushofer contrasts this pacific space in terms of global politics to the ' European ' and ' Europe-centric ' ( europa-zentrisch )( pp. 11 – 23, 110-113, passim ).

Haushofer exercised influence both through his academic teachings, urging his students to think in terms of continents and emphasizing motion in international politics, and through his political activities.