Having clarified the question, Turing turned to answering it: he considered the following nine common objections, which include all the major arguments against artificial intelligence raised in the years since his paper was first published.

Having knowledge and understanding of the use and purpose of communication can help to make a more effective speaker communicate their message in an effectual way.

Having a thorough understanding of the entire test environment at the outset enables more efficient test design and planning and helps you identify testing challenges early in the project.

Having studied the Desert Fathers and other Christian mystics as part of his monastic vocation, Merton had a deep understanding of what it was those men sought and experienced in their seeking.

Having asserted during the debates that " whoever was against the bill had either an Irish interest or an Irish understanding ", he was challenged by Lord Ossory.

Having come to that understanding, the next question becomes: who is to be included in the union?

Having come to an understanding with his father-in-law Poděbrady, he was able to turn his arms against the emperor Frederick.

Having an excellent memory, and understanding quickly the goals of Dumézil and the other linguists who came to visit him, he was the primary source of not only the Ubykh language, but also of the mythology, culture and customs of the Ubykh people.

It argues that anti-Zionism may become antisemitic when it adopts a view of Zionism as a " global force of unlimited power and malevolence throughout history ," a definition that " bears no relation to the understanding that most Jews have of the concept: that is, a movement of Jewish national liberation ..." Having re-defined Zionism, the report states, traditional antisemitic motifs of Jewish " conspiratorial power, manipulation and subversion " are often transferred from Jews onto Zionism.

Having studied Mantiq, those who wish to gain a deeper understanding of the philosophy of Islam will study Falsafa.

Having no track record in understanding the complex operations required to run retail department stores, and with the questionable locations of many of the proposed malls, coupled with forcing the newly acquired anchor stores into locations with no previous market presence, this venture proved deeply flawed and plunged L. J. Hooker, the department stores and its various development holdings into bankruptcy.

Having this understanding, Wang likes to use poems to interpret international politics and the economic phenomenon in recent years.

Having barely seen Paulina for four years, he proposed by letter in 1867 on the understanding that she would never “ by a word or even by a look ” try to prevent him volunteering for war service.

Having the ability to interpret a person's body language lets the listener develop a more accurate understanding of the speaker's message.

Having a broad understanding of landscapes allows historical ecology to be applied to various disciplines.

Having spent his career as a police commander, Pfeffer-Wildenbruch lacked even a basic military understanding, and as the 6. Armee commander, General der Panzertruppen Hermann Balck said,

Having recovered from this disease after suffering a miscarriage, Collins has sought to increase public understanding.

Having thus learned of the occupation of German Samoa by the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, who at the request of Great Britain had performed their “ great and urgent imperial service ,” von Spee rushed toward Samoa with Scharnhorst and Gneisenau intent on doing damage to British and Dominion ships at anchor.

Having issued, in November 1789, a declaration affirming its intent to " oppose, as much as we are able, all that the representatives of the Commune may undertake that is harmful to the general rights of our constituents ," the Cordeliers district remained in conflict with the Parisian government throughout the winter and spring of 1790.

Having failed in their attempts to successfully censor Allen Ginsberg ’ s Howl, the performances of Lenny Bruce and the San Francisco Mime Troupe, the police department was intent to succeed this time.

Having been the largest entity to bear the name of Romania, the frontiers were marked with the intent of uniting most territories inhabited by ethnic Romanians into a single country ; and it is now a rallying cry for Romanian nationalists.

Having seen the evil that can consume all, Morgan's lover, Magnus, renounced the Darkholders and took the Darkhold for safe keeping, hiding it where " none with negative intent " could be corrupted by its inherent evil, in a magic tower on the Isle of Wight.

Having come to power with the stated intent of restoring public order, Metaxas ' state largely achieved this goal, under the supervision of what can be described as its most fascist member, minister of public order Konstantinos Maniadakis.

Having been formed by scholars actuated by no aesthetic principles of selection, but solely intent on preserving everything they could find, the Latin anthology is much more heterogeneous than the Greek, and unspeakably inferior.

* 1900 – Second Boer War: Having already sieged the fortress at Ladysmith, Boer forces attack it, but are driven back by British defenders.

Having purchased the film rights to Journey's End, British producers Michael Balcon and Thomas Welsh agreed that Whale's experience directing the London and Broadway productions of the play made him the best choice to direct the film.

Having taught languages for 13 years, he changed his field of specialisation to linguistics, and developed systemic functional linguistics, including systemic functional grammar, elaborating on the foundations laid by his British teacher J. R. Firth and a group of European linguists of the early 20th century, the Prague school.

Having noted that the island was still uninhabited, he was presumably the less inclined to risk a landing when there was no British settlement there to report on.

Having concern over potential British military involvement in the war, on June 15, 1881, Blaine stressed that the conflict be resolved by consent of the Latin American countries involved and that the Peruvian government pay Chile an indemnity rather than cede the contested land.

Having crossed two miles of mud, the Eingreif divisions found the British already established along a new defence line, with the forward battlezone and its weak garrison gone beyond recapture.

Having captured Louisbourg in 1758, the British sailed up to Quebec the following year thanks to charts drawn up by James Cook.

Having already been made president of the anthropological section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1911, after the war he became president of the English Folk-Lore Society ( 1920 ), and the Royal Anthropological Institute ( 1921 – 1922 ).

Having become Sirdar of the Egyptian Army in 1892-with the rank of brigadier-general and then major-general in the British Army — in 1896 he led his British and Egyptian forces up the Nile, building a railway to supply arms and reinforcements, and defeating the Sudanese at the Battle of Omdurman on 2 September 1898, near Khartoum.

Having prophesied the end of the British monarchy, he was imprisoned in an asylum for the criminally insane.

Having acquired the centerpiece of the room, Whistler's painting of The Princess from the Land of Porcelain, American industrialist and aesthete Charles Lang Freer purchased the entire room in 1904 from Leyland's heirs, including Leyland's daughter and her husband, the British artist Val Prinsep.

Having survived the encounter with Sherlock Holmes, he went on to become the head of British Intelligence under the code-name " M " ( a nod to the James Bond novels and films ), but still maintained his criminal interests.

Having honoured the last requests of his brother Bendigeidfran, by burying his head facing France so as to ward off invasion, the usurped British king Manawydan accompanies Pryderi to Dyfed where the latter is reunited with his wife Cigfa.

It is also possible that the tradition of an " apple " island among the British was influenced by Irish legends concerning the otherworld island home of Manannán mac Lir and Lugh, Emain Ablach ( also the Old Irish poetic name for the Isle of Man ), where Ablach means " Having Apple Trees " – derived from Old Irish aball (" apple ")— and is similar to the Middle Welsh name Afallach, which was used to replace the name Avalon in medieval Welsh translations of French and Latin Arthurian tales ).

Having spearheaded the " British invasion ," by head-hunting such writers as Moore, Gaiman, Delano, Grant Morrison, Garth Ennis and Peter Milligan, Berger was well suited to head up the new line, as she was already editing many of the series which would form the core of the early Vertigo output.

Having been excluded from known sea routes to the orient, which were based in European trade, the early French and British explorers in the area searched for the mythic water route known as the Northwest Passage through North America to the Pacific Ocean.

Having amassed an army of over 7, 000 troops in Quebec, Burgoyne was also led to believe by reports that he could rely on the support of large numbers of Native Americans and American Loyalists who would rally to the flag once the British came south.

Having shared antecedents with the British shooting-brake ( originally a wooden-bodied vehicle used to carry shooting parties with their equipment and game ), station wagons have been marketed as breaks, using the French term ( which is sometimes given fully as break de chasse, literally " hunting break.

Having filmed Michael Winner's The Wicked Lady ( 1983 ), Elliott was quoted in a BBC Radio interview as saying that he and Marc Sinden " are the only two British actors I am aware of who have ever worked with Winner more than once and it certainly wasn't for love.

Having thus founded the Empire of British India, Clive sought to put in place a strong administration.

Having influenced the development of power pop from the beginning, British rock group The Kinks made several well-received songs in the style in their 1984 album Word of Mouth, such as " Do It Again ".

Having tried to violently resist British occupation and colonisation by force and failed between 1895 – 1920, the Agikuyu people resulted to political means of resistance.

" Having relinquished his British citizenship during World War II, he could not be called " Sir Alistair ".

Having previously operated its British Empire export assembly plant at Walkerville, Ontario, Studebaker settled on Hamilton as a post-war Canadian manufacturing site because of the city's centrality to the Canadian steel industry.