Theoretically, he advocated a functionalist interpretation, which examined how social institutions functioned to satisfy individual needs.

In his book A Modest Proposal ( 1984 ), evangelical author Frank Schaeffer emulated Swift's work in social conservative polemic against abortion and euthanasia in a future dystopia that advocated recycling of aborted embryos and fetuses, as well as some disabled infants with compound intellectual, physical and physiological difficulties.

Agriculturalism ( 農家 / 农家 ; Nongjia ) was an early agrarian social and political philosophy in ancient China that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.

* Social Right ( Destra Sociale ), led by Gianni Alemanno, advocated a more " social " approach to economic policy and was considered at the right of the party.

Some of those who advocated " independent invention ", like Lewis Henry Morgan, additionally supposed that similarities meant that different groups had passed through the same stages of cultural evolution ( See also classical social evolutionism ).

" Attributes that are seen as religious — such as ancestor worship, ritual, and sacrifice — were advocated by Confucius as necessary for social harmony ; however, these attributes can be traced to the traditional non-Confucian Chinese beliefs of Chinese folk religion, and are also practiced by Daoists and Chinese Buddhists.

Agriculturalism was an early agrarian social and political philosophy that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.

Although some of these women embraced the political and social amendments of the Revolution, they opposed the dissolution of the Catholic Church and the formation of revolutionary cults like the Cult of the Supreme Being advocated by Robespierre.

" As referenced above in the section on " The economic calculation problem ", Hayek wrote that " there is no reason why ... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance ...." Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes " advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.

Gathering their support from the radical intellectuals and the urban working class, they advocated complete social, economic and political revolution.

Having achieved the political reforms it advocated the Progressive Party soon folded as an organisation, while the Democratic Movement, incorporating the tiny Communist Party of Jersey, continued in existence as a campaigning social movement until the late 20th century.

He advocated the abolition of private property ( while retaining respect for personal property ) through the " expropriation of the whole of social wealth " by the people themselves, and for the economy to be co-ordinated through a horizontal network of voluntary associations where goods are distributed according to the physical needs of the individual, rather than according to labor.

Within the RSDLP, Lenin, Trotsky and Martov advocated various internationalist anti-war positions, while Plekhanov and other social democrats ( both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks ) supported the Russian government to some extent.

The Bolshevik faction led by Lenin advocated an active, politically committed vanguard party membership while opposing trade union based membership of social democratic parties.

Simón Bolívar was both the main instigator of the revolts and one of its most important theorists was sympathetic to liberal ideals, but felt that Latin America lacked the social cohesion for such a system to function and advocated autocracy as necessary.

Rather, traditional social democrats advocated the creation of socialism through political reforms by operating within the existing political system of capitalism.

The party thus advocated collaboration between social classes and was basically a catch-all party which aimed to represent all Italian Catholics, both right-wing and left-wing, under the principle of the " political unity of Catholics " against socialism and communism.

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ( 1809 – 1865 ) advocated a conception of social contract which didn't involve an individual surrendering sovereignty to others.

In 1949, Knopf published his The State of Europe, a 408-page country-by-country survey of Europe that drew on these experiences and that argued " both the American and the Russian policies are mistaken "; he advocated more " social reform " for Western Europe and more " political liberty " for Eastern Europe.

The conservatives (" the left ", led by Chen Yun ) said that the reforms have gone too far, and advocated for a return to greater state control to ensure social stability and to better align with the party's socialist ideology.

The Pope advocated that the role of the State was to promote social justice through the protection of rights, while the Church must speak out on social issues in order to teach correct social principles and ensure class harmony.

It advocated economic and social reform and has been said to be essentially anti-industrial.

He advocated relations between humans and their fields relied foremost on relations between humans themselves, social relationships being the basis for a proper agricultural and industrial development.

The Physiocrats were partially influenced by Chinese agrarianism ; leading physiocrats like François Quesnay were avid Confucianists that advocated China's agrarian policies.

Many supporters of globalization think that policies different from those of today should be pursued, although not necessarily those advocated by the anti-globalization movement.

The classical liberals advocated policies to increase liberty and prosperity.

A 1957 U. S. Navy study known as the Crittenden Report dismissed the charge that homosexuals constitute a security risk, but advocated stringent anti-homosexual policies because " Homosexuality is wrong, it is evil, and it is to be branded as such.

Newly elected politicians for the party in the Dáil have strongly advocated liberal economic policies.

In 1999, Paul Ehrlich and others advocated public policies to improve the dissemination of valid environmental scientific knowledge and discourage junk science: ' The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports offer an antidote to junk science by articulating the current consensus on the prospects for climate change, by outlining the extent of the uncertainties, and by describing the potential benefits and costs of policies to address climate change.

In addition to his fiscal and economic policies, Kemp advocated against abortion when Congress was considering a bill banning intact dilation and extractions.

In his 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman advocated policies such as a volunteer military, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a negative income tax, and education vouchers.

After the war Pius XII advocated peace and reconciliation, including lenient policies towards Axis and Axis-satellite nations.

Historian R. Hal Williams suggested that the opposite philosophy, of legislation for the masses leading to prosperity for all, advocated by Bryan in his speech, informed the domestic policies of later Democratic presidents, including Franklin Roosevelt with his New Deal.

Leading physiocrats like François Quesnay were avid Confucianists that advocated China's agrarian policies.

As a politician, Thrasybulus consistently advocated several policies throughout his career.

The term " mixed economy " arose in the context of political debate in the United Kingdom in the postwar period, although the set of policies later associated with the term had been advocated from at least the 1930s.

To circumvent Westminster, those in favour of the discriminatory policies backed the proposed secession from the Empire as a republic ; a move advertised and advocated by the journal The Bulletin.

Despite his endorsement of expansionist policies, Seward also strongly advocated non-interventionism.

Adopting strong protectionist policies, One Nation advocated the restoration of import tariffs, a revival of Australia's manufacturing industry, and an increase in support for small business and the rural sector.

In the prologue to her autobiography Untamed and Unashamed, Hanson cites the Howard government's adoption of her policies as an attempt to win back One Nation voters to the Liberal and National parties, stating " the very same policies I advocated back then ... are being advocated today by the federal government ".

The definitive statement of the concrete policies advocated by neoliberalism is often taken to be John Williamson's " Washington Consensus ", a list of policy proposals that appeared to have gained consensus approval among the Washington-based international economic organizations ( like the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and World Bank ).

The term primarily refers to 20th century development economics policies, although it has been advocated since the 18th century by classical economists such as David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill and Friedrich List.