Some remained in politics: Mackenzie Bowell continued to serve as a senator ; R. B. Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the House of Lords ; and a number led Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as premier ( Mackenzie King twice ); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths ; Wilfrid Laurier dying while still in the post ; and Charles Tupper, Louis St. Laurent, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business.

The Harvard dissertation remained undone when Trudeau entered a doctoral program to study under the renowned socialist economist Harold Laski in the London School of Economics.

Trudeau's approval ratings slipped after the bounce from the 1982 patriation, and by the beginning of 1984, opinion polls showed the Liberals were headed for certain defeat if Trudeau remained in office.

In his final years, Trudeau commanded broad respect in Canada, but was regarded with suspicion in Quebec for his role in the 1982 constitutional deal which was seen as having excluded that province, while dislike for him remained commonplace in western Canada.

Trudeau also remained active in international affairs, visiting foreign leaders and participating in international associations such as the Club of Rome.

Trudeau retired after polls showed the Liberals faced certain defeat in the next election if he remained in office.

However, Clark remained belligerent in his attacks on the Trudeau government, angrily clashing with the prime minister in Parliament.

She remained MP for her riding after the federal election of 1980, which saw the Liberals returned to power and Trudeau reappointed as prime minister, and he pointed to her as the candidate for the Speaker of the House of Commons.

Pierre Trudeau, who had been Prime Minister from 1968 to 1979 and since 1980, retired from politics in early 1984 after polls indicated that the Liberals would almost certainly be defeated at the next election had he remained in office.

This post remained vacant under Pierre Trudeau, Joe Clark and John Turner.

" Thus, it remained unclear what Trudeau actually mouthed.

From then on, De Gaulle remained unimpressed by Trudeau, saying " Nous n ' avons aucune concession, ni même aucune amabilité, à faire à M. Trudeau, qui est l ' adversaire de la chose française au Canada.

The race was by no means a sure thing for Trudeau and a number of potent candidates remained in the contest.

Health Minister Allan MacEachen was also floundering and being pressured to drop out in favour of Trudeau, but he, too, remained.

Lalonde remained when Pierre Trudeau became Prime Minister of Canada in 1968, serving as Principal Secretary.

Lalonde remained Finance Minister when John Turner succeeded Trudeau as Prime Minister in 1984, but did not run in the 1984 election.

When John Turner succeeded Trudeau in June 1984, Joyal remained in cabinet as Secretary of State.

In 1967, he was promoted to Minister of National Defence, and remained in that position under Pearson and then Pierre Trudeau until he retired from politics in 1970.

In 1978, Reid joined the Cabinet of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as Minister of State for federal-provincial relations, and remained in that position until the defeat of the Liberal government in the 1979 election.

Cullen moved to the position of Minister of Manpower and Immigration in 1976, and remained in the position when it was renamed Minister of Employment and Immigration the next year, until the defeat of the Trudeau government in the 1979 election.

The National Archives of Canada, in its biographical sketches of Canadian Prime Ministers, records show that on one occasion during the war, Trudeau and his friends drove their motorcycles wearing Prussian military uniforms, complete with pointed steel helmets.

He was also good friends with Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.

Trudeau told his friends that the Tories had chosen the wrong guy.

During this time, he and Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau became close friends.

Among the team's other local affluent notables were close friends Lucien Beauregard, Romeo Gauvreau, Hector H. Racine, and Charles E. Trudeau.

Following Meighen into civilian life were: Robert Borden, who served as Chancellor of Queen's and McGill Universities, as well as working in the financial sector ; Lester B. Pearson, who acted as Chancellor of Carleton University ; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups ; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice.

From his base in Montreal, Trudeau took control of the Liberal Party and became a charismatic leader, inspiring " Trudeaumania ".

He shared lodgings with K. N. Raj and Veerasamy Ringadoo ( who later became the first President of Mauritius ); another close friend was Pierre Trudeau ( who later became Prime minister of Canada ).

In 1876, Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau arrived to treat his own tuberculosis ; in 1884, he founded his Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium, starting with a small cottage, called " Little Red ", where two tubercular sisters from New York City became the first patients.

Under the leadership of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the federal government became more centralist in ideology, and Canada entered a stage of " conflictual federalism " that lasted from 1970 to 1984.

LeBlanc stepped into the realm of politics when he became the press secretary for successive prime ministers Lester B. Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.

Late in 1982, LeBlanc became Minister of Public Works for two years before being nominated by Trudeau to then Governor General Jeanne Sauvé for appointment to the Senate on June 29, 1984.

In addition to his ministerial responsibilities, MacEachen served as Government House Leader on three occasions, and became the first Deputy Prime Minister of Canada in 1977 under Trudeau, a post he held whenever Trudeau was in office from that time until his retirement.

The decline of passenger rail became a federal election issue in 1974 when the government of Pierre Trudeau promised to implement a nation-wide carrier similar to Amtrak in the United States.

For a time in the UK, " a Harvey ( Smith )" became a way of describing the insulting version of the V sign, much as " the word of Cambronne " is used in France, or " the Trudeau salute " is used to describe the one-fingered salute in Canada.

Petro-Canada was backronymed to " Pierre Elliott Trudeau Rips Off Canada " by opponents of the National Energy Program, and the Petro-Canada Centre in Calgary became known as " Red Square.

Margaret Trudeau, whom Pierre Trudeau married while in office, became a notable celebrity in her own right, most famously when she was featured on the covers of international tabloids after being seen partying at Studio 54.

Pierre Trudeau began his term as a bachelor, became the first Canadian prime minister to get married while in office and ended it as Canada's first divorced prime minister.

He was re-elected in the 1980 election, and became a Crown minister in the government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.

Clark is one of a number of children of former Prime Ministers who became notable media personalities or politicians in the early 21st century, along with Ben Mulroney, Justin Trudeau and Alexandre Trudeau.

Trudeau and his brother Alexandre inaugurated the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Toronto in April 2004 ; the centre later became a part of the Munk School of Global Affairs.

Coincidentally, Trudeau later became the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for a riding named after Talbot Mercer Papineau's lineage: this includes his great-great-grandfather, seigneur Joseph Papineau ( 1752 – 1841 ) and great-grandfather, reformist Patriote Louis-Joseph Papineau ( 1786 – 1871 ).

Trudeau became more involved with the Liberal Party throughout the 2000s.

He and girlfriend Zoë Bedos became the parents of a son, Pierre-Emmanuel Trudeau, on December 22, 2006, and a daughter, Gala Simone Trudeau, on December 24, 2008.