They differed in the balance they believed essential to the sovereignty of the citizen -- but the supreme sacrifice each made served to maintain a still more fundamental truth: That individual life, liberty and happiness depend on a right balance between the two -- and on the limitation of sovereignty, in all its aspects, which this involves.

While in the view of most American academics the two were as diametrically opposed as good and evil, Sakharov believed that in this " tragic confrontation of two outstanding people ," both deserved respect, because " each of them was certain he had right on his side and was morally obligated to go to the end in the name of truth.

However, it was also important that the body of the deceased be preserved, as the Egyptians believed that the ba returned to its body each night to receive new life, before emerging in the morning as an akh.

It is believed in Theosophy of Helena Blavatsky that each religion ( including Theosophy ) has its own individual Heaven in various regions of the upper astral plane that fits the description of that Heaven that is given in each religion, which a soul that has been good in their previous life on Earth will go to.

This proposal had a degree of flexibility which the European Committee for Banking Standards ( ECBS ) believed would make it unworkable and they produced a " slimmed down " version of the standard which, amongst other things, permitted only upper case letters and required that the IBAN for each country have a fixed length.

Many suggest that during the First Temple period, the people of Israel believed that each nation had its own god, but that their god was superior to other gods.

He also believed that the civil and church authorities were separate and should not interfere with each other.

As Davis explained in his memoir The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, he believed that each state was sovereign and had an unquestionable right to secede from the Union.

Most believed that Henry would divide the empire, giving each son a substantial portion, and hoping that his children would continue to work together as allies after his death.

The subjects believed that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual shocks.

The Soviet leadership believed that the West wanted to encourage German aggression in the East and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

He believed students learned most readily when he broke a complex problem into its component parts and had each pupil master one part before moving to the next.

They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god.

Phrenologists believed that the human mind has a set of different mental faculties, with each particular faculty represented in a different area of the brain.

Gall's list of the " brain organs " was lengthy and specific, as he believed that each bump or indentation in a patient's skull corresponded to his " brain map ".

Origen believed that each human soul was created by God at some time prior to conception.

In Judaism, the Hasidic tzadik was believed to know the past lives of each person through his semi-prophetic abilities.

It is now believed that this picture was incorrect and that the five superstring theories are connected to one another as if they are each a special case of some more fundamental theory ( thought to be M-theory ).

Jefferson believed that each man has " certain inalienable rights ".

:: “ Suppose that a sheriff were faced with the choice either of framing a Negro for a rape that had aroused hostility to the Negroes ( a particular Negro generally being believed to be guilty but whom the sheriff knows not to be guilty )— and thus preventing serious anti-Negro riots which would probably lead to some loss of life and increased hatred of each other by whites and Negroes — or of hunting for the guilty person and thereby allowing the anti-Negro riots to occur, while doing the best he can to combat them.

Aristarchus thus believed the stars to be very far away, and saw this as the reason why there was no visible parallax, that is, an observed movement of the stars relative to each other as the Earth moved around the Sun.

Ancient Persians believed the twelve constellations in the Zodiac controlled the months of the year, and each ruled the earth for a thousand years at the end of which the sky and earth collapsed in chaos.

Locke believed that individuals in a state of nature would be bound morally, by The Law of Nature, not to harm each other in their lives or possession, but without government to defend them against those seeking to injure or enslave them, people would have no security in their rights and would live in fear.

The first of the modern review articles on the subject ( MacKie 1965 ) did not, as is commonly believed, propose that brochs were built by immigrants, but rather that a hybrid culture of a small number of immigrants with the native population of the Hebrides produced them in the first century BC, basing them on earlier, simpler promontory forts.

The flute has also always been an essential part of Indian culture and mythology, and the cross flute believed by several accounts to originate in India as Indian literature from 1500 BCE has made vague references to the cross flute.

Nevertheless, they believed ( as does the mainstream of scholarship ) that the names derived from a single prehistoric ethnonym owned by a uniform culture in the middle 1st millennium BC, the original " Goths ".

He believed that African-Americans and other races could improve themselves with education and wanted the races assimilated into white culture.

Sides said that Carson believed the Native Americans needed reservations as a way of physically separating and shielding them from white hostility and white culture.

Coleridge believed that the Tartars were violent, and that their culture was opposite to the civilised Chinese.

Many Westerners who first encountered the practice believed it was a sign of worship, but kowtowing does not necessarily have religious overtones in traditional Chinese culture.

For instance, a claim that was first propagated in the 19th century and is still very common in popular culture is the supposition that all people in the Middle Ages believed that the Earth was flat.

" Paintings can offer a deep insight as to what popular culture believed about an individual at a certain point in history.

Several sophists also questioned received wisdom about the gods and the Greek culture, which they believed was taken for granted by Greeks of their time, making them among the first agnostics.

A 2007 poll commissioned by the Center Against Racism ( 2008 ) found a worsening of Jewish citizens ' perceptions of their Arab counterparts: For instance, 75 % of Israeli Jews would not agree to live in a building with Arab residents, 60 % would not accept any Arab visitors at their homes, 40 % believed that Arabs should be stripped of their right to vote, and 59 % believe that the culture of Arabs is primitive.

When Egyptian influence declined or succumbed to foreign domination, the Kushite elite regarded themselves as central powers and believed themselves as idols of Egyptian culture and religion.

For instance, the claim that people of the Middle Ages widely believed that the Earth was flat was first propagated in the same period that originated the conflict thesis and is still very common in popular culture.

Jefferson believed that Natives should give up their own cultures, religions, and lifestyles to assimilate to western European culture, Christian religion, and a European-style agriculture, which he believed to be superior.

The chicken's " cultural and culinary dominance " could be considered amazing to some in view of its believed domestic origin and purpose and it has " inspired contributions to culture, art, cuisine, science and religion " from antiquity to the present.

It was believed that through missionary activity and other direct contact between Africans and Europeans, the Africans could be taught to appreciate and participate in Portuguese culture.

It is believed that by the 4th century BC, iron culture was developing in Korea as the warring states of China pushed refugees east and south.

Boas believed that the sweep of cultures, to be found in connection with any sub species, is so vast and pervasive that there cannot be a relationship between culture and race.

Elements of more modern Evenk culture, including conical tent dwellings, bone fish-lures, and birch-bark boats, were all present in sites that are believed to be Neolithic.

Cato was also opposed to the spread of Hellenic culture, which he believed threatened to destroy the rugged simplicity of the conventional Roman type.

( Hindemith himself said he believed he was being an ambassador for German culture.

It is believed that Teotihuacan had a major influence on the Preclassic and Classic Maya, most likely by conquering several Maya centers and regions, including Tikal and the region of Peten, and influencing Maya culture.

However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler.