While many indigenous Amazonian people say they received the instructions directly from plants and plant spirits, researchers have devised a number of alternative theories to explain its discovery.

Since the number of possible sounds in all of the world's languages is much greater than the number of letters in any one alphabet, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) to assign a unique and unambiguous symbol to each attested consonant.

* Dale Rippke chronology — The Darkstorm Conan Chronology ( 2003 ) was a completely revised and heavily researched chronology, radically repositioning a number of stories and including only those stories written or devised by Howard.

The earlier editions were printed in the peculiar spelling that Dewey had devised: the number of volumes in each edition increased to two, then three and now four.

The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a ' circuit ' can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components.

It was created to extend the existing binary-coded decimal ( BCD ) interchange code, or BCDIC, which itself was devised as an efficient means of encoding the two zone and number punches on punched cards into 6 bits.

Therefore, the change in enthalpy can be devised or represented without the need for compressive or expansive mechanics ; for a simple system, with a constant number of particles, the difference in enthalpy is the maximum amount of thermal energy derivable from a thermodynamic process in which the pressure is held constant.

In computer science, particularly artificial intelligence, a number of representations have been devised to structure information.

Occidental is devised so that many of its derived word forms reflect the similar forms common to a number of Western European languages, primarily those in the Romance family.

According to The Star Trek Encyclopedia, the registry number " NCC-1701 " was devised by Matt Jefferies, art director of the first Star Trek series, inspired by an old science fiction cover that Gene Roddenberry liked, with a starship flying through space.

Late in the 1890s this measure failed to keep up with the increasing number of lines, and Milo G. Kellogg devised the Divided Multiple Switchboard for operators to work together, with a team on the " A board " and another on the " B.

The Eberhardt, Crawford, and Lipscomb paper discussed above also devised the " styx number " method to catalog certain kinds of boron-hydride bonding configurations.

It is based on a format devised by David Briggs, who, along with Steven Knight and Mike Whitehill, devised a number of the promotional games for Chris Tarrant's breakfast show on Capital FM radio, such as the bong game.

In protest against legislation that prohibits publication of copy protection circumvention code in countries that implement the WIPO Copyright Treaty ( such as the United States ' Digital Millennium Copyright Act ), some have devised clever ways of distributing descriptions of the DeCSS algorithm, such as through steganography, through various Internet protocols, on t-shirts and in dramatic readings, as MIDI files, as a series of haiku poems, and even as a so-called illegal prime number.

With so much new equipment already working that could only handle ten digit phone numbers, a system was devised by which most toll offices did not have to store and forward the whole international phone number.

The term was first applied to a system proposed in 1796, though a number of pasigraphies had been devised prior to that ; Leopold Einstein reviews 60 attempts at creating an international auxiliary language, the majority of the 17th-18th century projects being pasigraphies of one kind or another, while Arika Okrent includes a list of 500 in her book on the subject, with samples of many.

Grewe himself writes that he devised the broad outlines of the policy, but mainly as one of a number of options, the decisions being made by the foreign minister, Brentano, and the chancellor, Adenauer ; in any case, the name Hallstein doctrine may be something of a misnomer.

The French counter offensive devised by General Robert Nivelle was one of a number of Allied successes of 1916.

A concerted drive, including a poll ( scrutinised by the Electoral Reform Society ) to select the track, saw " Bunsen Burner " — with music sampled from the Trammps song " Disco Inferno " and lyrics devised to help his daughter with her chemistry homework — reach number nine in the UK Singles Chart on 6 October, and earned Otway an appearance on Top Of The Pops, BBC Television's flagship popular music programme.

The Hungarian algorithm is one of many algorithms that have been devised that solve the linear assignment problem within time bounded by a polynomial expression of the number of agents.

Mahler initially devised a narrative programme ( actually several variant versions ) for the work, which he shared with a number of friends ( including Natalie Bauer-Lechner and Max Marschalk ).

The system was named after a 1795 meeting at the Pelican Inn in Speenhamland, Berkshire, where a number of local magistrates devised the system as a means to alleviate the distress caused by high grain prices.

New simplified packaged units, recently devised prefabricated glass-fiber ducts, and improved add-on techniques make it possible to acquire a system for an 1800-square-foot house for as little as $600 to $900.

Other researchers relate archaeoastronomy to the history of science, either as it relates to a culture's observations of nature and the conceptual framework they devised to impose an order on those observations or as it relates to the political motives which drove particular historical actors to deploy certain astronomical concepts or techniques.

They devised new hunting techniques.

He has pioneered or popularised the use of many techniques in computer graphics, including " adaptive tile refresh " for Commander Keen, raycasting for Hovertank 3-D, Catacomb 3-D, and Wolfenstein 3-D, binary space partitioning which Doom became the first game to use, surface caching which he invented for Quake, Carmack's Reverse ( formally known as z-fail stencil shadows ) which he devised for Doom 3, and MegaTexture technology, first used in Enemy Territory: Quake Wars.

Frege wanted to show that mathematics grows out of logic, but in so doing, he devised techniques that took him far beyond the Aristotelian syllogistic and Stoic propositional logic that had come down to him in the logical tradition. Title page to Begriffsschrift ( 1879 ) In effect, Frege invented axiomatic predicate logic, in large part thanks to his invention of quantified variables, which eventually became ubiquitous in mathematics and logic, and which solved the problem of multiple generality.

He devised novel techniques, including pedal and hand-movement combinations, that allowed him to play chords previously regarded as impossible for a five-fingered pianist.

It is said that the Bojutsu in Kukishin Ryū was later devised on the techniques Ryushin used on this occasion.

In the late Edo era, the twenty-fifth Soke, Takatomo Kuki, devised the Kihongata that consisted of eight techniques used for teaching the basics of the Ryu arts to beginners-however, this review did little to quell its brutality in learning and teaching.

Numerous techniques have been devised for the production of narrow tubular knitting on circular needles.

He also introduced sensitive tests and devised improved laboratory techniques for dealing with mercury which minimized poisoning risk, possibly initiated by his chronic mercury poisoning in 1923.

The analysis is demonstrated through reductions of the music, using a specialized symbolic form of musical notation that Schenker devised to demonstrate various prolongational techniques.

As more sophisticated transmission schemes were devised, the circuits grew in complexity, mixing analog with digital parts and eventually incorporating multiple ICs such as logical gates, PLLs and microcontrollers, while the techniques used in modern v34, v. 90 and v. 92 protocols ( like 1024-QAM ) are so complex that implementing a modem supporting them with discrete components or general purpose IC's would be very impractical, and a dedicated DSP or ASIC is used instead, effectively turning the modem into a special embedded system, a dedicated computer in its own right.

During his time in Spain, Galland analysed the engagements, evaluated techniques and devised new ground-attack tactics which were passed on to the Luftwaffe.

Hugely influential in terms of his importance to the development of the sport, W. G. Grace is regarded as one of the greatest cricket players of all time, and devised most of the techniques of modern batting.

Some of the modern techniques of mass spectrometry were devised by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster and F. W.

Drawing on the theory that ' the individual " projects " something of himself or herself into everything he or she does, in line with Gordon Allport's concept of expressive behaviour ', projective techniques have been devised to aid personality assessment.

Many well tried and tested techniques have been devised to achieve this, but all essentially operate to increase the rate ( and to a lesser extent efficiency ) of combustion in a given engine.

For these reasons, a set of subjectively valid measurement techniques have been devised and incorporated into BS, IEC, EBU and ITU standards.

Several special filming techniques were devised to obtain some of the footage of rare and elusive animals.

Long before " computer hacking " was a common phenomenon, creative mischief-makers devised tactics for obtaining free phone usage through a variety of techniques, including several for defeating the electro-mechanical payment mechanisms of telephone booths — early methods of phone phreaking.

Although Hasse diagrams were originally devised as a technique for making drawings of partially ordered sets by hand, they have more recently been created automatically using graph drawing techniques.

Comparing its workings to the techniques of mass production and scientific management made famous by Henry Ford and Frederick Winslow Taylor in the United States in the early 20th century, the economist Eric Roll wrote " Neither Taylor, Ford nor any other modern experts devised anything in the way of plan that cannot be discovered at Soho before 1805 ".

Aboriginal peoples used a greater variety of local material, developed new techniques, such as polishing stone, and devised increasingly specialized tools, such as knives, awls, fish hooks, nets, etc.

Parrish devised many innovative techniques which no other major artist has successfully copied.