Perhaps no church father saw this concurrence of the unique and the universal as clearly, or formulated it as precisely, as Irenaeus.

it is no longer to be formulated in terms of the nature of present action itself, its intention, and proximate effect or the thing to be done.

The unbounded knapsack problem ( UKP ) places no upper bound on the number of copies of each kind of item and can be formulated as above except for that the only restriction on is that it is a non-negative integer.

However, Dirac never formulated a complete theory, and so his speculations found no acceptance by the scientific community.

Most n-body problems have no closed form solution, although some special cases have been formulated.

The Western Allies also expressed their dismay at the Bolsheviks, ( 1 ) upset at the withdrawal of Russia from the war effort, ( 2 ) worried about a possible Russo-German alliance, and perhaps most importantly ( 3 ) galvanised by the prospect of the Bolsheviks making good their threats to assume no responsibility for, and so default on, Imperial Russia's massive foreign loans ; the legal notion of odious debt had not yet been formulated.

Such a popular initiative is formulated as a precise new text ( general proposal initiatives have been canceled in 2009 ) whose wording can no longer be changed by parliament and the government.

" Although there have been a number of philosophers who have formulated similar anti-razors since Chatton's time, no one anti-razor has perpetuated in as much notability as Chatton's anti-razor, although this could be the case of the Late Renaissance Italian motto of unknown attribution Se non è vero, è ben trovato (" Even if it is not true, it is well conceived ") when referred to a particularly artful explanation.

There is probably no single reference that lists all the pharmaceutical variations of laudanum that were created and used in different countries during centuries since it was initially formulated.

Ricardian theory was formulated by Jones ' 1961 paper, but it was limited to the case where there are no traded intermediate goods.

After the British warned that they could no longer help Greece, and following Prime Minister Tsaldaris's visit to Washington in December 1946 to ask for American assistance, the U. S. State Department formulated a plan.

And he formulated the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which warned Europe that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open for European colonization.

A system was defined as a group of interacting parts and the relative influence of these parts followed rules which, once formulated could be used to describe the system no matter what the actual components were.

The no-hair theorem is formulated in the classical spacetime of Einstein's general relativity, assumed to be infinitely divisible with no limiting short-range structure or short-range correlations.

Von Neumann formulated the question 1 ) and provided an argument why the answer had to be no, if one accepted the formalism he was proposing.

" There were no minutes or copy of what I said, and it may be that I formulated it differently.

He formulated the idea of a hylic pluralism ( in Dutch hylisch pluralisme ) of the plurality of matter, a model of the universe in which science and metaphysics are no longer contradictory.

Although the pyramid model remains useful, since it was first formulated a number of new technologies have been developed and new categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no longer fit easily into the original pyramid model.

After having formulated a stricter version of Locke's epistemological rationalism, Toland then goes on to show that there are no facts or doctrines from the Bible which are not perfectly plain, intelligible and reasonable, being neither contrary to reason nor incomprehensible to it.

A recommended practice for the clinical diagnosis of brain death formulated by the American Academy of Neurology hinges on the conjunction of three diagnostic criteria: coma, absence of brainstem reflexes, and apnea ( defined as the inability of the patient to breathe unaided, that is, with no life support systems ).

As noted above Agricola had advanced far enough to threaten their vital interests, indeed his strategy was no doubt formulated with the end in mind of forcing just such an engagement as Mons Graupius.

According to Shen Dao, there is no natural basis for moral judgment and authority arises and is sustained due to the nature of actual circumstances, rather than in accordance with human or linguistically formulated moral values.

Islamic jurists later formulated the concept of the rule of law, the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land, where no person is above the law and where officials and private citizens are under a duty to obey the same law.

These prayers make no reference to the redemptive death of Christ, or remembrance, as formulated by Paul the Apostle in, see also Substitutionary atonement.

Likewise, Kant formulated the nebular hypothesis, according to which the solar system was evolved from a rotating mass of incandescent gas, nearly a half century before its scientific value was made plain by Laplace in his Systeme Du Monde.

The widely accepted notion that the security of the system should depend on the key alone has been explicitly formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs ( in the 1880s ) and Claude Shannon ( in the 1940s ); the statements are known as Kerckhoffs ' principle and Shannon's Maxim respectively.

In 1927, valence bond theory was formulated and it argues that a chemical bond forms when two valence electrons, in their respective atomic orbitals, work or function to hold two nuclei together, by virtue of effects of lowering system energies.

** Romano-Germanic subgroup ( comprising those legal systems where legal science was formulated according to Roman Law-see also Civil law ( legal system ))

A planned economy is an economic system in which decisions regarding production and investment are embodied in a plan formulated by a central authority, usually by a government agency.

First formulated by Lovelock during the 1960s as a result of work for NASA concerned with detecting life on Mars, the Gaia hypothesis proposes that living and non-living parts of the Earth form a complex interacting system that can be thought of as a single organism.

The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who defined the modern discipline of linguistics, first explicitly formulated the distinction, using the French word langage for language as a concept, and langue as a specific instance of a language system, and parôle for the concrete usage of speech in a particular language.

Robert Boyle ( 1627-1691 ): formulated Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas ( if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system ), wrote The Sceptical Chymist ( seen as cornerstone book in the field of chemistry ), regarded as the first modern chemist, one of the founders of modern chemistry

File: Schrodinger. jpg | Erwin Schrödinger ( 1887-1961 ): formulated the Schrödinger equation in 1926 describing how the quantum state of a physical system changes with time, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, two years later proposed the thought experiment known as Schrödinger's cat

Since the two-round system requires more information from each voter than a single ordinal ballot provides, one can't fit the criteria that are formulated expressly for voters with ordinal preferences without making a generalization as to how the voters will behave.

The notion of " totalitarianism " a " total " political power by state was formulated in 1923 by Giovanni Amendola who described Italian Fascism as a system fundamentally different from conventional dictatorships.

Several free energy functions may be formulated based on system criteria.

Though King Wu died just a few years after the Battle of Muye, the Duke of Zhou assisted the young and inexperienced King Cheng in consolidating power for the Ji line: he managed a war against rebellious Zhou princes in the eastern lowlands ( allied with feudal rulers and Shang remnants ); formulated the Mandate of Heaven doctrine to counter Shang claims to a divine right of rule ; founded Chengzhou as an eastern capital ; and set up the fengjian " feudal " system designed to maintain Zhou authority as it expanded its rule over a larger amount of territory.

In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying but not detailing any first-level subsystems.

Problems formulated using this technique in the fields of physics and computer vision may refer to the technique as energy minimization, speaking of the value of the function f as representing the energy of the system being modeled.

In 1770, Borda formulated a ranked preferential voting system that is referred to as the Borda count.

Aristotle explicitly formulated the law of the excluded middle and law of non-contradiction in justifying his system, although these laws cannot be expressed as judgments within the syllogistic framework.

Three of these graphs are shown below, and they clearly show why Medicare ( as currently formulated ) is on the path to fiscal insolvency: No matter what the wage level, marital status, or retirement date, a man or woman can expect to receive benefits that will cost the system far more than the taxes he or she paid into the system.

) Johannes Kepler was able to formulate his famous three laws of planetary motion, which described the orbits of the planets in our solar system with incredible accuracy ; Kepler's three laws are still taught today in University physics and astronomy classes, and the wording of these laws has not changed since Kepler first formulated them four hundred years ago.

Purandara Dasa, who is known as the father ( Pitamaha ) of Carnatic Music, formulated the system that is commonly used for the teaching of Carnatic music.

Carnatic music is traditionally taught according to the system formulated by Purandara Dasa.