The doctrine was formulated in the second century in the first of the three senses given by Ramsey, originally as a response to Gnostic claims of having received secret teaching from Christ or the apostles ; it emphasised the public manner in which the apostles had passed on authentic teaching to those whom they entrusted with the care of the churches they founded and that these in turn had passed it on to their successors.

Unification or Death (), unofficially known as the Black Hand ( Црна рука, Crna ruka ), was a secret military society formed by members of the Serbian army in the Kingdom of Serbia, which was founded on 6 September 1901.

Consequently, the more zealous members of the Narodna Odbrana started a new secret society, and the Black Hand was founded.

Numerous secret societies emerged, of which the most important was the so-called " Soles y Rayos Bolívar ", founded in 1821 and led by José Francisco Lemus.

* 1917 – Cheka, the first Soviet secret police, is founded.

Six mostly secret organizations concentrating on gay or lesbian issues were founded around this time, but persecution and harassment were continuous and grew worse with the dictatorship of Jorge Rafael Videla in 1976, when all groups were dissolved in the Dirty War.

Trotsky founded the Red Army with an initial Red Guard organization, and a core soldiery of Red Guard militiamen and Chekist secret policemen ; conscription began in June 1918, and opposition to it was violently suppressed.

** Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, the first secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia.

The laboratory was founded during World War II as a secret, centralized facility to coordinate the scientific research of the Manhattan Project, the Allied project to develop the first nuclear weapons.

In the early 18th century, shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune founded the oniwaban, an intelligence agency and secret service.

Rosicrucianism is a generic term referring to studies or membership within a philosophical secret society said to have been founded in late medieval Germany by Christian Rosenkreuz.

Under Abbasid rule, the legend goes, the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand.

The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known by foreigners as the Boxers, or " Yihe Magic Boxing ", was a secret society founded in the northern coastal province of Shandong consisting largely of people who had lost their livelihoods due to imperialism and natural disasters.

Marr eventually became the head of the secret society and began to lean towards anarchism and atheism, founded another secret society, the " Schweizerischer Arbeiterbund " ( Swiss Worker's Union ) and edited the " Blätter der Gegenwart für soziales Leben " ( Present-Day Papers for Social Life, 1844 / 45 ).

According to Church lore, " Bob " travelled to Malaysia and founded a secret enclave there, called Dobbstown, where he often stays when he is not travelling.

The Thule Society was originally a " German study group " headed by Walter Nauhaus, a wounded World War I veteran turned art student from Berlin who had become a keeper of pedigrees for the Germanenorden ( or " Order of Teutons "), a secret society founded in 1911 and formally named in the following year.

Georges Loustaunau-Lacau and Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, who had both supported La Cagoule, founded the Alliance Network, and Colonel Groussard, of the Vichy secret services, founded the Gilbert Network.

Boheman inducted them into a secret society and founded what he described as a branch of the Freemasons in 1801, where both sexes where accepted as members, and to which the Counts and Countesses Ruuth and Brahe as well as the mother of the queen were introduced.

Pi Beta Phi, the first national secret college society of women to be modeled after the Greek-letter fraternities of men, was founded on its campus in 1867.

This agreement proved to be unpopular among the Peruvian population, despite the treaty's ratification in 1928, because the treaty was signed in secret and it awarded Colombia a region that had been founded by Peruvians and that had a large Peruvian population living within its borders.

A secret society was founded, entrance to which depended upon removing one brick from the College and presenting it to the society's elders.

In 1787 he founded an Enlightenment-era secret society called the German Union, comparable to the Illuminati.

The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

* 1934 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political leader, founded UNITA ( d. 2002 )

The Hundred Schools of Thought of Chinese philosophy blossomed during this period, and such influential intellectual movements as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism and Mohism were founded, partly in response to the changing political world.

Commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good.

* 1885 – Indian National Congress a political party of India is founded in Bombay, British India.

It should thence be considered a political formation and not a traditional society founded on links of blood.

: the intelligible and the sensible, the spontaneous and the receptive, autonomy and heteronomy, the empirical and the transcendental, immanent and transcendent, as the interior and exterior, or the founded and the founder, normal and abnormal, phonetic and writing, analasis and synthesis, the literal sense and figurative meaning in language, reason and madness in psychoanalysis, the masculine and feminine in gender theory, man and animal in ecology, the beast and the sovereign in the political field, theory and practice as distinct dominions of thought itself.

Bellamy himself came to actively participate in the political movement which emerged around his book, particularly after 1891 when he founded his own magazine, The New Nation, and began to promote united action between the various Nationalist Clubs and the emerging People's Party.

In 1905, Haeckel founded a group called the " Monist League " to promote his religious and political beliefs.

As the Community expanded into the Union, the centre-right in the new member states were not necessarily Christian Democrat and the EPP ( European People's Party, the transnational political party founded in 1976 which all group members are now affiliated to ) feared being sidelined.

The FDP was founded in 1948 by members of the former liberal political parties existing in Germany before World War II, the German Democratic Party and the German People's Party.

* Fusion Magazine ( political magazine ), a political magazine founded and edited by Glenn Beck

Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who combined left-wing and right-wing political views.

Fascism was founded during World War I by Italian national syndicalists who combined left-wing and right-wing political views.

Futurism that was both an artistic-cultural movement and initially a political movement in Italy led by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti who founded the Futurist Manifesto ( 1908 ), that championed the causes of modernism, action, and political violence as necessary elements of politics while denouncing liberalism and parliamentary politics.

He organized political clubs and founded a political newspaper ( El Demócrata ) and a satirical periodical ( El Mosco, " The Fly ").

Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party, more commonly known as Fianna Fáil () is a centrist to centre-right Irish republican and conservative political party in Ireland, founded on 23 March 1926.

The Shiv Sena is a political party founded in 1966 originally to express Hindu fundamentalism.

He was more successful as a journalist and published articles in Monde, a political / literary journal edited by Henri Barbusse, – his first article as a professional writer, La Censure en Angleterre, appeared in that journal on 6 October 1928 – G. K .' s Weekly – where his first article to appear in England, A Farthing Newspaper, was printed on 29 December 1928 – and Le Progrès Civique ( founded by the left-wing coalition Le Cartel des Gauches ).

Gabon's first political party, the Jeunesse Gabonais, was founded around 1922.

Alliance ' 90 / The Greens () is a green political party in Germany, formed from the merger of the German Green Party ( founded in West Germany in 1980 ) and Alliance 90 ( founded during the Revolution of 1989 – 1990 in East Germany ) in 1993.