The last movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional ( national dictatorship ) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo ( new state ) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

In 1973, the ruler, Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, instituted reforms based on a constitution.

On 4 December 1976, at the MESAN congress, Bokassa instituted a new constitution and declared the republic a monarchy, the Central African Empire.

However in November the Danish government instituted a new constitution whereby Schleswig-Holstein was binded closer to Denmark.

On 4 December 1976, at the MESAN congress, Bokassa instituted a new constitution and declared the republic to be a monarchy: the “ Central African Empire ”.

As of 2007, no Brazilian politician has ever been convicted by the Supreme Federal Tribunal of any crime since parliamentary immunity was instituted in the 1988 constitution.

The election of Pope Pius IX gave fresh impulse to the Liberal movement, and on 4 September 1847 Leopold instituted the National Guard – a first step towards the constitution ; shortly after the marchese Cosimo Ridolfi was appointed prime minister.

Suárez's centrist government instituted democratic reforms, and his coalition won the 1979 elections under the new constitution.

In 1974, Mujib proclaimed a State of Emergency and amended the constitution to limit the powers of the legislative and judicial branches, established a one man, single party executive presidency, and instituted a one-party system.

The new constitution was approved on February 5, 1917, and it was based in the previous one instituted by Benito Juárez in 1857.

In Tuscany, Leopold II sanctioned a democratic constitution ; and instituted a liberal ministry.

He also instituted a new constitution to improve the rules that Gerard established.

The new constitution was based in the previous one instituted by Benito Juárez in 1857.

The constitution instituted the membership by right ( senator de drept ) in the Senate for:

Also during this period, Hawaii ( before annexation by the U. S .) started an income tax in 1896 which was almost immediately ruled to violate the country's constitution ; after annexation as a territory, in 1901, it instituted the income tax it still levies as a state.

A new constitution and membership contract were instituted, and membership was formally defined in terms of the contract and participating in the cooperative, rather than affiliation with Brandeis University.

The new constitution was soon successfully instituted and Young welcomed the change in his position, feeling that he was now above the battle and freed from much trying responsibility.

The current constitution was first instituted on June 17, 1944 ; since then, it has been amended seven times.

The leading legal reforms instituted by Mustafa Kemal included a secular constitution ( laïcité ) with the complete separation of government and religious affairs, the replacement of Islamic courts and Islamic canon law with a secular civil code based on the Swiss model, and a penal code based on that of Italy ( 1924 – 37 ).

It was instituted by the Universities ( Scotland ) Act 1858, but its constitution and organisation have been considerably altered by subsequent statutes.

They were nicknamed Hundemarken ( the German equivalent of " dog tags ") and compared to a similar identification system instituted for dogs in the Prussian capital city of Berlin at about the same time.

During his tenure ( 1939 – 1945 ), he instituted a reign of terror against the civilian population and became directly involved in the mass murder of Polish Jews.

It was officially instituted on November 1, 1705 by Augustus II the Strong and bestowed on eight of his supporters: four Polish magnates, three Russian field marshals ( including Peter Lacy ), and one Cossack hetman.

On 1 July 2007 the Polish Government instituted 2008 as the Year of Zbigniew Herbert.

It was instituted by the Government Act ( Polish: Ustawa rządowa ) adopted on that date by the Sejm ( parliament ) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The reforms also instituted Polish as the administrative language, replacing Ruthenian, in written documents and court proceedings, contradicting the wording of the Third Statute.

The Auschwitz Cross (), instituted on 14 March 1985, was a Polish decoration awarded to honour inmates of Nazi German concentration camps, including but not limited to Auschwitz ( the Polish name of Auschwitz is Oświęcim ).

According to the Talmud, prayer is a Biblical commandment and the Talmud gives two reasons why there are three basic prayers: to recall the daily sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem, and / or because each of the Patriarchs instituted one prayer: Abraham the morning, Isaac the afternoon and Jacob the evening.

Baptism is a sacrament because it is an " instrument " instituted by Jesus Christ to impart grace to its recipients.

However, the United States instituted an embargo against Japan in 1941 because of the continuing war in China.

One of the forces that drove the spread of the rosary during the 19th century among Roman Catholics was the influence of the Rosary Pope, a title given to Pope Leo XIII ( 1878 – 1903 ) because he issued a record twelve encyclicals and five Apostolic Letters on the rosary, instituted the Catholic custom of daily rosary prayer during the month of October and, in 1883, added the invocation Queen of the most Holy Rosary to the Litany of Loreto.

Steinway, however, voluntarily instituted this change already in the 1950s, because polymer surfaces are more durable, do not yellow over time, nor do they crack as easily as ivory, and are easier to replace than their ivory predecessors.

The 1951 Congress argued that the Soviet Union took over these countries because of the military and political results of World War II, and instituted nationalized property relations only after its attempts at placating capitalism failed to protect those countries from the threat of incursion by the West.

This was followed by a budgetary crisis that the government was unable to deal with, partly because of the large spending programmes the government had previously instituted, partly because he was unable to obtain support from within his government for necessary spending reductions and also because the federal Government declined to " bail out " the Victorian government as they believed Cain's overspending was significantly to blame.

Confession and absolution is called a sacrament in the Apology of the Augsburg Confession and so is also considered by many Lutherans to be a sacrament, because it was instituted by Christ and has his promise of grace, even though it is not tied to a physical element.

However, more modern scholarship shows that that interpretation is flawed because Subh-i-Azal is only given the right to complete the Bayán with the permission of Him Whom God shall make manifest, and that Subh-i-Azal was instituted as a nominal head and asked to preserve the religion until Him whom God shall make manifest would arrive.

The age instituted was older than that of Bar Mitzvah because some of these topics were considered too complex for thirteen-year-old minds to grasp.

Independent shops were risky in the 1740s because no strict copyright laws, other than the Engraving Copyright Act of 1734 ( known as " Hogarth's Act "), had yet been instituted.

The old word for a municipality is, ' keeper ', because when the system was instituted, one municipality kept one minister.

According to the supreme wisdom lessons, Fard taught that whites were devils because of a culture of lies and murder that the black man Yakub instituted on the island of Patmos or Pelan to ensure the creation of his new people.

In Hobbes's view, once a civil government is instituted, the state of nature has disappeared between individuals because of the civil power which exists to enforce contracts and the laws of nature generally.

Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted.

The request was declined by the Directors Guild of America, partly because they would not allow a DGA member to be replaced by someone who was not one of its members, and partly because they, in the wake of events on the set of The Outlaw Josey Wales, had instituted a ban on any cast or crew members taking over as director during production of a film.

Metz suggested that Godfrey instituted the practice because his own physical limitations made him sensitive to the need for coordination on camera.

In 1884, because of the split of this administrative division, Territorio Nacional del Chaco was instituted.

The encomienda was essential to the Spanish crown's sustaining its control over North, Central and South America in the first decades after the colonization, because it was the first major organizational law instituted on a continent where disease, war and turmoil reigned.

As with the case of UC Berkeley most of the Black Studies programs across the country were instituted because of the urging and demanding of black students to create the program.

Ontario objects to a federal remedial bill to restore French schools in Manitoba in part because of its support for provincial rights, and in part because of the influence of a Protestant Equal rights movement begun in response to pro-Roman Catholic policies instituted in Quebec.