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Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I ( Egyptian ššnq ), ( reigned c. 943-922 BCE ), also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I ( for discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq ), was a Meshwesh Berber king of Egypt — of Libyan ancestry — and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty.
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Hedjkheperre and Setepenre
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot II Si-Ese was a pharaoh of the Twenty-third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt in Middle and Upper Egypt.
All the documents which mention Takelot II Si-Ese and his son, Osorkon B, originate from either Middle or Upper Egypt ( none from Lower Egypt ) and a royal tomb at Tanis which named a king Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot along with a Year 9 stela from Bubastis are now recognised as belonging exclusively to Takelot I.
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot I was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhons who ruled Egypt for 13 Years according to Manetho.
Takelot I, rather than Takelot II, was the king Hedjkheperre Setepenre Takelot who is attested by a Year 9 stela from Bubastis as well as the owner of a partly robbed Royal Tomb at Tanis which belonged to this ruler as the German Egyptologist Karl Jansen-Winkeln reported in a 1987 Varia Aegyptiaca 3 ( 1987 ), pp. 253-258 paper.
Evidently, both king Takelots used the same prenomen or royal name: Hedjkheperre Setepenre.
: " It was Takeloth I who first used the prenomen Hedjkheperre Setepenre ( in imitation of his grandfather Shoshenq I ), being followed in this by Takeloth II.
Pami's precise relationship with his immediate predecessor — Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq IV -- is unknown but he is attested as the father of Shoshenq V in a Year 11 Serapeum stela dating to the latter's reign.
Hedjkheperre Setepenre Smendes was the founder of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and succeeded to the throne after burying Ramesses XI in Lower Egypt – territory which he controlled.
His prenomen or throne name Hedjkheperre Setepenre / Setepenamun -- which means ' Bright is the Manifestation of Rê, Chosen of Rê / Amun '-- became very popular in the following 22nd Dynasty and 23rd Dynasty.
Hedjkheperre and Shoshenq
These objects are inscribed with either Shoshenq I's praenomen Hedjkheperre Shoshenq ( though this is not certain as it requires reading the objects as a massive hierogylyphic text ), or Shoshenq, Great Chief of the Meshwesh, which was Shoshenq I's title before he became king.
Sarcophagus of king Harsiese AKing Hedjkheperre Setepenamun Harsiese or Harsiese A, is viewed by the Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen in his Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, to be both a " High Priest of Amun " and the son of the High Priest of Amun Shoshenq C. The archaeological evidence does suggest that he was indeed Shoshenq C's son.
The ostraca evidence was not considered conclusive evidence for this king's existence since the writer of this object was assumed to have mistakenly written the small bird or chick symbol for Tut instead of the Red Crown symbol for Hedj, as in king Hedjkheperre Shoshenq I.
Setepenre and Shoshenq
Shoshenq II's prenomen, Heqakheperre Setepenre, means " The Manifestation of Re rules, Chosen of Re.
Setepenre and I
His existence was doubted by most scholars until Eric Young established in 1963 that the induction of a temple priest named Nespaneferhor in Year 2 I Shemu day 20 under a certain king named Akheperre Setepenre — in fragment 3B, line 1-3 of the Karnak Priest Annals — occurred one generation prior to the induction of Hori, Nespaneferhor's son in Year 17 of Siamun, which is also recorded in the same annals.
Setepenre and Egyptian
Usermaatre Setepenre Pami was an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled Egypt for 7 years.
Setepenre and .
: " Your beloved son, the Lord of Both Lands, Usermaatre Setepenre, has come to see you in your beautiful manifestation.
( they bore the early form of Ramesses II's royal prenomen: ' Usermaatre ') Ramesses II used the prenomen ' Usermaatre ' to refer to himself in his first year and did not adopt the final form of his royal title --' Usermaatre Setepenre '-- until late into his second year.
Therefore, he is believed to be the grandfather of Queen Meritaten, Meketaten, Queen Ankhesenamun, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure and Setepenre.
Her sisters are Meketaten, Ankhesenpaaten, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure and Setepenre.
His throne name, Neferkare Setepenre, means " Beautiful Is The Soul of Re, Chosen of Re.
Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun Ramesses VII ( also written Ramses and Rameses ) was the sixth pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
However, this papyrus clearly bears the cartouche of Usermaatre Setepenre -- the prenomen of Ramesses VII -- at its beginning whereas the royal name of Ramesses IX was Neferkare -- which rules out Ramesses IX as the king whose Year 8 is recorded in the P. Turin 1883 + 2095 document.
The Egyptologist Karl Jansen-Winkeln notes that an important graffito from the Temple of Abydos contains the complete titles of a king Tyetkheperre Setepenre Pasebakhaenniut Meryamun " who is simultaneously called the HPA ( ie.
His royal name was Menmire Setepenre.
Chancellor Bay also called Ramesse Khamenteru ( died 1192 BC ) was an important Asiatic official in ancient Egypt, who rose to prominence and high office under Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre and later became an influential powerbroker in the closing stages of the 19th Dynasty.
Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merneptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the 19th Dynasty.
Setepenre and for
: ‘’ King of South and North Egypt, Usermaatre Setepenre ;-he has made a Temple by excavation in the mountain, of eternal work ( manship ) in Nubia, which the King of South and North Egypt, Usermaatre Setepenre has made for the Great Royal Wife Nefertari Meryetmut, in Nubia, like Re forever and ever .’’ ( Kitchen )
Tutkheperre certainly ruled Egypt prior to the reign of Osorkon II who adopts the generic Ramesses II based prenomen of ' Usimare Setepenre / Setepenamun ' for his own royal name.
Setepenre and was
Akheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the twenty-first dynasty of Egypt and was the first pharaoh of Libyan extraction in Egypt.
Young argued that this king Akheperre Setepenre was the unknown Osochor.
Since none of the other kings named Osorkon had a mother named Mehtenweshkhet, it was conclusively established that Akheperre Setepenre was indeed Manetho's Osochor, whose mother was Mehtenweshkhet.
Shoshenq and I
In the central highlands this resulted in unification in a kingdom with the city of Samaria as its capital, possibly by the second half of the 10th century BCE when an inscription of the Egyptian pharaoh Shoshenq I, the biblical Shishak, records a series of campaigns directed at the area.
Shoshenq I succeeds him, the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty.
* 924 BC: Osorkon I succeeds his father Shoshenq I as king of Egypt.
* 874 BC — Shoshenq II succeeds Takelot I as king of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
* 925 BC — Military conquest of Canaan by Shoshenq I.
* 922 BC — Osorkon I succeeds his father Shoshenq I as king of Egypt.
Shoshenq I succeeds him, the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty.
However the burials of three Dynasty 21 and Dynasty 22 pharaohs — Psusennes I, Amenemope and Shoshenq II, survived the depredations of tomb robbers throughout antiquity.
Although primarily a biblical archaeologist, Albright was a polymath who made contributions in almost every field of Near Eastern studies: an example of his range is a BASOR 130 ( 1953 ) paper titled " New Light from Egypt on the Chronology and History of Israel and Judah ," in which he established that Shoshenq I — the Biblical Shishaq — came to power somewhere between 945 and 940 BC.
* He asserts that the identification of " Shishaq, King of Egypt " ( 1 Kings 14: 25f ; 2 Chronicles 12: 2-9 ) with Shoshenq I, first proposed by Jean-François Champollion, is based on incorrect conclusions.
Most Egyptologists accept Shishaq as an alternative name for Shoshenq I. Rohl disputes that Shoshenq's military activity fits the biblical account of Shishaq on the grounds that the two kings ' campaigns are completely different and Jerusalem does not appear in the Shoshenq inscription as a subjected town.
The theory that Ramesses II ( hypocoristicon ' Sysa '), rather than Shoshenq I, should be identified with the biblical Shishak is not widely accepted.
Kitchen dismisses the apparent discrepancy between the Shoshenq I campaign itinerary and the Old Testament ( OT ) account of Shishak ’ s activities as ‘ frivolous and exaggerated ’.
Wilson accepts that there is a mismatch between the triumphal relief of Shoshenq I and the biblical description of King Shishak.
However, he does not think that this discrepancy gives sufficient reason for doubting the identification of Shoshenq I with King Shishak of the Bible.
However, Wilson's view is not supported by Kenneth Kitchen who states: " That the great topographical list of Shoshenq I at Karnak is a document of the greatest possible value for the history and nature of his campaign against Judah and Israel is now clearly established beyond all dispute, thanks to the labours expended on that list by a series of scholars.
This originality makes it far more likely that it is a true representation of cities and locations brought under Egyptian control by the military activities of Shoshenq I.
As explained above, the New Chronology, rejects the identification of Shoshenq I with the biblical Shishaq, and instead offers Ramesses II ( also known by his nickname " Sysa ") as the real historical figure behind the Shishaq narrative.
* Shoshenq I ( Hedjkheperre-setepenre ) 945-924
Egypt has long had ties with Libya, and the first king of the new dynasty, Shoshenq I, was a Meshwesh Libyan, who served as the commander of the armies under the last ruler of the Twenty-First Dynasty, Psusennes II.
The country was reunited by the Twenty-Second Dynasty founded by Shoshenq I in 945 BC ( or 943 BC ), who descended from Meshwesh immigrants, originally from Ancient Libya.
* Sack of Jerusalem ( 925 BC ) by biblical Pharaoh Shishaq, identified as Shoshenq I of the Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
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