Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he led an invading army southward into Northumbria, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513.

Most historians consider that Stephen arranged the election's timing to ensure Henry's absence.

He did not play the part assigned to him by Shakespeare in Henry V., for during Henry's absence he remained in charge of the north, and was a member of Bedford's council.

In 1544, Henry made William a Privy Councillor, and on 9 July 1544, one of his two Principal Secretaries selected to assist Queen Catherine in carrying on the Regency in the small ' Regency Council ' during Henry's absence, and to raise supplies for the King's expedition to Boulogne.

Henry's contribution to the book was unique insofar as he devised a system of identification based on leaves and twigs and on the position of buds to aid identification even in the absence of fruit and flowers.

His reign was punctuated by numerous rebellions and civil wars, often provoked by incompetence and mismanagement in government and Henry's perceived over-reliance on French courtiers ( thus restricting the influence of the English nobility ).

The reign of Henry III is most remembered for the constitutional crisis in this period of civil strife, which was provoked ostensibly by Henry III's demands for extra finances, but which marked a more general dissatisfaction with Henry's methods of government on the part of the English barons, discontent which was exacerbated at a more popular level by widespread famine.

* The Henrician Articles ( 1573 ; Poland-Lithuania ) or King Henry's Articles were a permanent contract that stated the fundamental principles of governance and constitutional law in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including the rights of the nobility to elect the king, to meet in parliament whose approval was required to levy taxes and declare war or peace, to religious liberty and the right to rebel in case the king transgressed against the laws of the republic or the rights of the nobility.

The Henrician Articles or King Henry's Articles ( Polish: Artykuły henrykowskie, Latin: Articuli Henriciani ) were a permanent contract between the " Polish nation " ( i. e., the szlachta ( nobility ) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ) and a newly-elected king upon his election to the throne that stated the fundamental principles of governance and constitutional law in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Henry's only legitimate son, William, died aboard the White Ship disaster of 1120, sparking a fresh succession crisis: Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, claimed the throne in 1135 but this was disputed by the Empress Matilda, Henry's daughter.

Not long after, Henry's father died and the family plunged into a financial crisis.

Henry III took pride in resolving the Gascon crisis so decisively, but his English subjects feared that the marriage would bring Eleanor's kinfolk and countrymen to live off Henry's ruinous generosity.

The death of her son, William Adelin, in the tragic disaster of the White Ship ( November 1120 ) and Henry's failure to produce a legitimate son from his second marriage led to the succession crisis of The Anarchy.

The pair reigned jointly as Count and Countess of Portugal until Henry's death, after which Theresa reigned alone.

Henry's armed expedition, which took the stronghold at Lavaur, did not extinguish the movement.

Eleanor reputedly had had a dream in which she foresaw her son Henry's death.

" Hawks's third film of 1952 was a contribution to the omnibus film O. Henry's Full House, which includes short films based on the stories by the writer O. Henry made by various directors.

Henry would hold this position for the remainder of his life, and the order was an important source of funds for Henry's ambitious plans, especially his persistent attempts to conquer the Canary Islands, which the Portuguese had claimed to have discovered before the year 1346.

Eight years later, after William's death in 1120, a much more momentous union was made between Henry's daughter, ( the former Empress ) Matilda and Fulk's son Geoffrey Plantagenet, which eventually resulted in the union of the two realms under the Plantagenet Kings.

In 1917, Henry's heirs sold the business to the Parker Young Company, which in turn sold it to the Marcalus Manufacturing Company in 1946.

Henry's unsuccessful attempts to persuade his subjects to pay the taxes required to meet Alexander's demands were one of the factors in the conflict between the king and parliament which culminated in the Second Barons ' War.

Roger of Hoveden claimed that Henry's corpse bled from the nose in Richard's presence, which was taken as a sign that Richard had caused his death.

One was the personal nature of his accord with Henry II, which meant that it did not survive Henry's death.

He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See.

A decade before the break the king wrote a book in defence of Catholic doctrine for which the Pope rewarded him with the title of Defender of the Faith, a title revoked by the Pope following Henry's break with Rome but still claimed and held by English and, after 1707, British monarchs after being bestowed on the monarch by Parliament.

Catherine was young and vivacious, but Henry's age made him less inclined to use Catherine in the bedroom ; rather, he preferred to admire her, which Catherine soon grew tired of.

However, Lord Henry's cynical outlook on life, and hedonistic nature seems to be in keeping with the idea of the devil's role, that of the temptation of the pure and innocent qualities which Dorian exemplifies at the beginning of the book.

Henry's volte-face was probably motivated by a desire to retain dominance over Normandy, which was now threatened by William's growing mastery of his duchy.

The alliance will never happen because Henry's elder heir, Henry the Young King, gets jealous over the castles which the elder Henry promises to the couple and stages a rebellion which will take the elder Henry two years to put down.

His dying request that the King of England's eyes would be opened seemed to find its fulfillment just two years later with Henry's authorization of The Great Bible for the Church of England — which was incidently, largely Tyndale's own work.

In 1474, Albert married his daughter Barbara to Duke Henry XI of Głogów, who left his possessions on his death in 1476 to his widow with reversion to her family, an arrangement which was resisted by Henry's kinsman, Duke Jan II of Żagań.

There is anecdotal evidence, related to biographer George Wyatt by her former lady-in-waiting Anne Gainsford, that Anne brought to Henry's attention a heretical pamphlet, perhaps Tyndale's " The Obedience of a Christian Man " or one by Simon Fish called " Supplication for Beggars ," which cried out to monarchs to rein in the evil excesses of the Catholic Church.

Further, the most recent edition of Ives's biography admits that Anne may very well have had a personal spiritual awakening in her youth which spurred her on, not just as catalyst but expediter for Henry's Reformation, though the process took a number of years.

The conference at Calais was something of a political triumph, but even though the French government gave implicit support for Henry's re-marriage and Francis I himself held private conference with Anne, the French King maintained alliances with the Pope which he could not explicitly defy.

In revenge for this, while Louis VI was overrunning the Vexin in 1118, he routed Henry's army at Alençon ( November ), and in May 1119 Henry demanded a peace, which was sealed in June by the marriage of his eldest son, William the Aetheling, with Matilda, Fulk's daughter.

They became reconciled, and upon Henry's death in 1024, Conrad appeared as a candidate before the electoral assembly of princes at Kamba, an historical name for an area on the East banks of the river Rhine and opposite to the German town Oppenheim ( Today the position of Kamba is marked by a small monument, which displays Conrad on a horse ).

Henry's patronage of explorations had shown that profits could be made in trade which followed the exploration of new lands.

In November 1470, Parliament declared that Prince Edward and his descendants were Henry's heirs to the throne ; Clarence would become King only if the Lancastrian line of succession failed.

In November 1529, the " Long Parliament " of Henry's reign began its series of encroachments on the Roman Catholic Church.

The Duke of York was dissuaded from claiming the throne immediately, but he induced Parliament to pass the Act of Accord, by which Henry was allowed to reign, but Edward was disinherited, as York or his heirs would become king on Henry's death.

Henry's older brother, James, served as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities from 1880 to 1906.

William's half-brother Thomas Young, whilst serving with him as the Bristol MP's in 1450, had proposed a motion in Parliament for the recognition of his Yorkist royal patron Richard, Duke of York ( d. 1460 ) as heir to Henry's throne, for which action he was imprisoned.

Influenced by movements for reform and by his desire to legitimize his marriage to Anne Boleyn in 1533 ( without the blessing of the Pope ) after divorcing his first wife Catherine of Aragon, Henry's government influenced Parliament to enact the 1st Act of Supremacy in 1534.

However, he returned to the King's graces, being present at the marriage of Henry's sister, served in Parliament and being present at negotiations with Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Sidney was elected to Parliament in 1935 after replacing his father in elections for his seat, due to Henry's ill health.

Henry's authority was restored and the Provisions of Oxford were forgotten, but this was nonetheless a turning point in the history of the Parliament of England.

Even though many nobles who had supported the Provisions of Oxford remained active in English politics throughout Henry's reign, the conditions they had laid down for regular parliaments were largely forgotten, as if to symbolise the historical development of the English Parliament via convention rather than statutes and written constitutions.

Henry's first Parliament of 1485 passed an Act of Resumption, in which large grants of crown properties made by his two predecessors to their supporters were cancelled.

Henry's elder brother Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, succeeded their father in 1296, but Henry was summoned to Parliament on 6 February 1298 / 99 by a writ directed to Henrico de Lancastre nepoti Regis (" Henry of Lancaster, nephew of the king ", Edward I of England ), by which he is held to have become Lord Lancaster.

One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley ( or Cowley ), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown.

He opposed Patrick Henry's extremist resolutions in protest of the Stamp Act, but the dissolution of the House of Burgesses by Parliament profoundly altered his views.

Few of Henry's mistresses were ever publicly honoured, except Elizabeth Blount, who was mentioned in Parliament and whose son, Henry Fitzroy was created Duke of Richmond and Somerset in an elaborate public ceremony in 1525.

At the time of Fitzroy's death an Act was going through Parliament which disinherited Henry's daughter Elizabeth as his heir and permitted the King to designate his successor, whether legitimate or not.

Henry's nephew William Hellyer migrated from New Zealand to New South Wales about 1838, and became a solicitor and was a member of the NSW Parliament for one day in 1861.

That Parliament, however, had been called by Simon de Montfort in the midst of the Second Barons ' War against Henry III of England ; that the same scheme should be adopted by a king ( Henry's son and heir, who had quelled Montfort's uprising ) was remarkable.