The spring-jointed nutcracker was patented by Henry Quackenbush in 1913.

This had been achieved much earlier for lead and copper as well as for producing pig iron in a blast furnace, but the second stage in the production of bar iron depended on the use of potting and stamping ( for which a patent expired in 1786 ) or puddling ( patented by Henry Cort in 1784 ).

Over-stringing was invented by Jean-Henri Pape during the 1820s, and first patented for use in grand pianos in the United States by Henry Steinway, Jr. in 1859.

In 1856, under the direction of Postmaster General James Campbell, Toppan and Carpenter, ( commissioned by the U. S. government to print U. S. postage stamps through the 1850s ) purchased a rotary machine designed to separate stamps, patented in England in 1854 by William and Henry Bemrose, who were printers in Derby, England.

Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796.

Henry Bessemer worked on the problem of manufacturing cheap steel for the purposes of ordnance production from 1850 to 1855 when he patented his method.

* Henry Petroski, Shopping By Design: Supermarkets, like other inventions, didn't just happen ; they were designed, developed — and patented., American Scientist Volume: 93 Number: 6 Page: 491.

The most common type of wire paper clip still in use, the Gem paper clip, was never patented, but it was most likely in production in Britain already in the early 1870s by " The Gem Manufacturing Company ", according to the American expert on technological innovations, Professor Henry J. Petroski.

It was invented by Henry Jones and patented in 1845.

* 1855 – Bessemer process for mass production of steel patented by Henry Bessemer

Penn later moved with his wife Ruth ( née Stovall ) to present-day Henry County, Virginia, where he patented lands at the later site of Beaver Creek Plantation.

He also worked on a project for the conversion of iron which was not dis-similar to that which was eventually patented by Henry Bessemer.

Methods to stabilise macadam roads with tar date back to at least 1834, when John Henry Cassell, operating from Cassell's Patent Lava Stone Works in Millwall, patented " Pitch Macadam ".

Also in 1854 a " rotary process " was patented by William Bemrose and Henry Howe Bemrose.

Meanwhile, Henry F. Phillips patented his own invention, an improved version of a deep socket with a cruciform, today known as the Phillips Screw.

The system was patented by Henry Jacques Gaisman, inventor and safety razor manufacturer.

Henry Timken, a 19th century visionary and innovator in carriage manufacturing, patented the tapered roller bearing in 1898.

The first advances in automating glass manufacturing were patented in 1848 by Henry Bessemer, an English engineer.

The same process was later independently invented and patented by Henry Bessemer.

In 1967 Charles Henry Malpas and Penfolds Wines patented a plastic, air-tight tap welded to a metallised bladder, making storage more convenient.

Henry Mill ( c. 1683 – 1771 ) was an English inventor who patented the first typewriter in 1714.

Henry Clay of Birmingham, England, patented a process for treating laminated sheets of paper with linseed oil to produce waterproof panels in 1772.

On November 2, 1886, African American inventor Henry Brown patented a " receptacle for storing and preserving papers.

Henry Maudslay patented an improved version of this a few years later, and other makers adopted the configuration.

Elizabeth visited in 1566 and 1568, by which time Leicester had commissioned the royal architect Henry Hawthorne to produce plans for a dramatic, classical extension of the south side of the inner court.

* James Henry Greathead, who helped with the Tower Subway, and became resident engineer on the Hammersmith extension railway and the Richmond extension of the Metropolitan District Railway, a post which he held for four years.

It was later eclipsed by Henry Flagler's extension of the Florida East Coast Railway to points south such as Palm Beach and Miami.

In 1843 he was one of the founders of the New Englander ( later the Yale Review ), and in 1848, with Richard Salter Storrs, Joshua Leavitt, Joseph Parrish Thompson, and Henry C. Bowen, he founded the Independent, a magazine designed primarily to combat slavery extension ; he was an editor of the Independent until 1863.

The first real boom to the area occurred with the extension of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad into the area.

His attitude toward the Council's surrender of Maine, in return for an extension of the truce with France and a French bride for Henry, must have contributed to his appointment on 30 July as Lieutenant of Ireland.

The Stanleys had been communicating with the exiled Henry Tudor for some time and Tudor's strategy of landing in Wales and heading east into central England depended on the acquiescence of Sir William Stanley, as Chamberlain of Chester and north Wales, and by extension on that of Lord Stanley himself.

In c. 1734, before the West Front was finished, Wentworth's grandson Thomas Watson-Wentworth commissioned Henry Flitcroft to build the East Front " extension ", in fact a new and much larger house, facing the other way, southeastward.

When Congress repealed the Neutrality Act in November 1939 to permit the selling of aircraft to the belligerents, Arnold became concerned that shipments of planes to the Allies slowed delivery to the Air Corps, particularly since control of the allotment of aircraft production had been given to the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department in December 1938, and by extension, to Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr., a White House favorite.

In 1886 Major Henry Pilkington RE was appointed Superintendent of Engineering at the Dockyard, moving on to Director of Engineering at the Admiralty in 1890 and Engineer-in-Chief of Naval Loan Works, where he was responsible for the extension of all major Dockyards at home and abroad.

Louis poisons the Reverend Lord Henry D ' Ascoyne, then meets with a now-bankrupt Lionel, who begs for an extension of his loan.

Key West was relatively isolated until 1912, when it was connected to the Florida mainland via the Overseas Railway extension of Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway ( FEC ).

Henry Carey's Chrononhotonthologos ( 1734 ) seemingly attacked Robert Walpole and linked him with an intrigue with the Queen, and his The Dragon of Wantley revived a 17th century ballad to protest the extension of Walpole's powers and oppression of the countryside.

Among other foolish things he built an underground passage from Straffan House to the stables .” A Benjamin Hallam design for proposed extension to house from 1808 survives, but the house accidentally burned and the Henry family settled in France.

The parish church of St Peter was completed in 1855 ( consecrated 9 August ), the principal architect was Thomas Henry Wyatt and H. Crisp it also has a late 20th century south extension in same style.

The story begins six months before Germany's invasion of Poland, which launched the European portion of the war, and ends shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, when the United States and, by extension, the Henry family, enters the war as well.

An extension parallel to the oceanfront took the line north from Virginia Beach to Cape Henry in 1902, but two years later the N & S bought the competing Chesapeake Transit Company which had a line from Norfolk to Cape Henry via the Lynnhaven Inlet area and hence to Virginia Beach, and abandoned its duplicative trackage between Cape Henry and Virginia Beach.