Herodotus estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus ' own time, which would place him at around 850 BC ; while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the Trojan War, in the early 12th century BC.

Herodotus, who gives the account of Cadmus, estimates that Semele lived sixteen hundred years before his time, or around 2000 B. C.

They faced a Persian army who had invaded from the north of Greece under Xerxes I. Herodotus stated that this army consisted of over two million men ; modern scholars consider this to be an exaggeration and give estimates ranging from 50, 000 to 200, 000.

Cadmus was credited by the ancient Greeks ( Herodotus is an example ) with introducing the original Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet -- phoinikeia grammata, " Phoenician letters " -- to the Greeks, who adapted it to form their Greek alphabet.

Herodotus (; Hēródotos ) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria ( modern day Bodrum, Turkey ) and lived in the fifth century BC ( 484 – 425 BC ).

Herodotus reveals affection for the island of Samos ( III, 39-60 ) and this is an indication that he might have lived there in his youth.

One remarkable commentary of Herodotus on Heracles is that he lived 900 years before himself ( c. 1300 BCE ).

Since Herodotus says elsewhere that Phrygians anciently lived in Europe where they were known as Bryges, the existence of the garden implies that Herodotus believed Midas lived prior to a Phrygian migration to Anatolia.

Herodotus reports that the Phoenicians called the island Callista and lived on it for eight generations.

The distinction between a formally polite greeting and an obeisance is often hard to make ; for example, proskynesis ( Greek for " moving towards ") is described by the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who lived in the 5th century BC in his Histories 1. 134:

Herodotus reports another version, in which Medea and her son Medus fled from Athens to the Iranian plateau and lived among the Aryans, who then changed their name to the Medes.

Herodotus, one of the foremost biographers in antiquity who lived in Greece at the time when the Macedonian king Alexander I was in power, recorded:

Two of the most influential historians who had yet lived flourished during Greece's classical age: Herodotus and Thucydides.

Herodotus and other classical historians listed quite a number of tribes who lived near the Scythians, and presumably shared the same general milieu and nomadic steppe culture, often called " Scythian culture ", even though scholars may have difficulties in determining their exact relationship to the " linguistic Scythians ".

# Thirdly ( 4. 11 ), in the version which Herodotus said he believed most, the Scythians came from a more southern part of Central Asia, until a war with the Massagetae ( a powerful tribe of steppe nomads who lived just northeast of Persia ) forced them westward.

Herodotus, who lived one hundred years after Milo's death, says the wrestler accepted a large sum of money from the distinguished physician Democedes for the privilege of marrying Milo's daughter.

One remarkable commentary of Herodotus on Pan is that he lived 800 years before himself ( c. 1200 BCE ), this being already after the Trojan War.

Herodotus said that Homer lived 400 years before his own day, which would place Homer about 850 BC ; but other ancient sources gave dates much closer to the Trojan War.

Herodotus also says that Gordias ' son Midas had a garden in Macedonia, which could imply that Herodotus believed Gordias lived before the legendary Phrygian migration to Anatolia.

Hecataeus, says Herodotus, had seen the same spectacle, after mentioning that he traced his descent, through sixteen generations, from a god.

According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Xerxes's first attempt to bridge the Hellespont ended in failure when a storm destroyed the flax and papyrus cables of the bridges ; Xerxes ordered the Hellespont ( the strait itself ) whipped three hundred times and had fetters thrown into the water.

Herodotus, who lived from approximately 484 to 425 BC, is the earliest of the classical writers to give an account of her career, writing almost one hundred years later.

The Gods however ordained that Egypt should suffer tyrannical rulers for a hundred and fifty years according to this legend, Herodotus goes on:

The account which Herodotus gives of the hostilities between the two states in the early years of the 5th century BC is to the following effect.

These numbers are highly comparable to the number of troops Herodotus says that the Athenians and Plataeans sent to the Battle of Plataea 11 years later.

About 25 years after Herodotus, Thucydides, perhaps the most important of historians, pioneered a different form of history, one much closer to reportage.

Athenaeus, another 200 years later, calls the courtesan Doricha and maintains that Herodotus had her confused with Rhodopis, another woman altogether.

According to Herodotus ( 4. 149-165 ), following a drought of seven years, Thera sent out colonists who founded a number of cities in northern Africa, including Cyrene.

The tablets dating from his reign in Babylonia run to the end of his eighth year, in March 522 BCE Herodotus ( 3. 66 ), who dates his reign from the death of Cyrus, gives him seven years five months, from 530 BCE to the summer of 523.

According to Herodotus the country was bound by Solon to maintain his reforms for 10 years, whereas according to Plutarch and the author of Athenaion Politeia ( reputedly Aristotle ) the contracted period was instead 100 years.

A modern scholar considers the time-span given by Herodotus to be historically accurate because it fits the 10 years that Solon was said to have been absent from the country.

Herodotus ( 4. 42 ) also reports that Necho sent out an expedition of Phoenicians, who in three years sailed from the Red Sea around Africa back to the mouth of the Nile.

Surely much intervening literature regarding Cydippe the priestess of Hera has been lost, since Plutarch was writing about 300 years after Herodotus first told the story.

Herodotus dates the founding of the city at around 3100 BC, over 2500 years prior to his visit.

Tales of such a fountain have been recounted across the world for thousands of years, appearing in writings by Herodotus, the Alexander romance, and the stories of Prester John.

Herodotus, writing about 30 to 40 years after the events he describes, did, according to Miller ( 2006 ) in fact base his version of the battle on eyewitness accounts, so it seems altogether likely that Pheidippides was an actual historical figure, although the same source claims the classical author didn't ever in fact mention a Marathon-Athens runner in any of his writings.

According to Herodotus the ancient Egyptian demigods began 11, 340 years before the reign of Seti I ( 1290 BC ), so 11, 340 + 1290 = 12, 630 BC, while he listed earlier figures, 15, 000 and 17, 000, for the reign of the gods.

The mathematician and esotericist R. A. Schwaller de Lubicz, however, in his work Sacred Science, reconstructed these dates to conclude that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation to an astronomical ( stellar ) event some 30, 000 years before Herodotus ' own time.

The pyramid involved, he says, the effort ot 300, 000 men ( according to Diodorus Siculus ) or 100, 000 ( according to Herodotus ) for twenty years.

The word is attested in Herodotus, who wrote some of the first surviving Greek prose, but this may not have been before 440 or 430 BC.

# Herodotus nowhere states or implies that peace was concluded between the two states before 481 BC, nor does he distinguish between different wars during this period.

# There is an incidental indication of time, which points to the period after Marathon as the true date for the events which are referred by Herodotus to the year before Marathon, viz.

It is probable, therefore, that Herodotus is in error both in tracing back the beginning of hostilities to an alliance between Thebes and Aegina ( c. 507 BC ) and in putting the episode of Nicodromus before Marathon.

Herodotus explicitly tells us that the Greeks attacked the Persians ( and the other sources confirm this ), but it is not clear why they did this before the arrival of the Spartans.

This theory therefore utilises Herodotus ' suggestion that after Marathon, the Persian army re-embarked and tried to sail around Cape Sounion to attack Athens directly ; however, according to the first theory this attempt would have occurred before the battle ( and indeed have triggered the battle ).

According to Herodotus, an Athenian runner named Pheidippides was sent to run from Athens to Sparta to ask for assistance before the battle.

It should be noted that in some medieval codices of Herodotus the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta before the battle is given as Philippides and in a few modern editions this name is preferred.

Edwards notes that the pyramid had " almost certainly been opened and its contents plundered long before the time of Herodotus " and that it might have been closed again during the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt when other monuments were restored.

Herodotus says that a " Midas son of Gordias " made an offering to the Oracle of Delphi of a royal throne " from which he made judgments " that " was well worth seeing ", and that this Midas was the only foreigner to make an offering to Delphi before Gyges of Lydia.

He then consulted Delphi before attacking Persia, and according to Herodotus was advised, " If you cross the river, a great empire will be destroyed.

* Herodotus, Histories sets the table of events before Peloponnesian War that deals with Greco-Persian Wars and the formation of the Classical Greece

Plutarch said the inhabitants of Caria carried the emblem of the rooster on the end of their lances and relates that origin to Artaxerxes, who awarded a Carian who was said to have killed Cyrus the Younger at the battle of Cunaxa in 401 B. C " the privilege of carrying ever after a golden cock upon his spear before the first ranks of the army in all expeditions " and the Carians also wore crested helmets at the time of Herodotus, for which reason " the Persians gave the Carians the name of cocks ".

Smyrna, originally an Aeolic colony, was afterwards occupied by Ionians from Colophon, and became an Ionian city — an event which had taken place before the time of Herodotus.

Arion, according to Herodotus ' brief excursus, then continued to Corinth by other means and arrived before the sailors that tried to kill him.

According to Herodotus, two more ships defected from the Persians to the Greeks, one before Artemisium and one before Salamis, so the total complement at Salamis would have been 368 ( or 380 ).

Herodotus, some five centuries before Strabo, supplied further information about Rhodopis in his Histories, writing that Rhodopis came from Thrace, and was the slave of Iadmon of Samos, and a fellow-slave of Aesop.

Though later Greeks like Herodotus dated Cadmus's role in the founding myth of Thebes to well before the Trojan War ( or, in modern terms, during the Aegean Bronze Age ), this chronology conflicts with most of what is now known or thought to be known about the origins and spread of both the Phoenician and Greek alphabets.