The account which Herodotus gives of the hostilities between the two states in the early years of the 5th century BC is to the following effect.

Ephorus gives 1135 BC, Sosibius 1172 BC, Eratosthenes 1184 BC / 1183 BC, Timaeus 1193 BC, the Parian marble 1209 BC / 1208 BC, Dicaearchus 1212 BC, Herodotus around 1250 BC, Eretes 1291 BC, while Douris 1334 BC.

The tablets dating from his reign in Babylonia run to the end of his eighth year, in March 522 BCE Herodotus ( 3. 66 ), who dates his reign from the death of Cyrus, gives him seven years five months, from 530 BCE to the summer of 523.

Herodotus, who gives the account of Cadmus, estimates that Semele lived sixteen hundred years before his time, or around 2000 B. C.

" Herodotus also mentions the Cabeiri, the gods of the Pelasgians, whose worship gives an idea of where the Pelasgians once were.

Herodotus ( 4. 110-117 ) gives a story of the Sauromatians ' origin from an unfortunate marriage of a band of young Scythian men and a group of Amazons.

Herodotus mentions a fountain containing a very special kind of water located in the land of the Ethiopians, which gives the Ethiopians their exceptional longevity.

However according to Herodotus who gives two detailed stories, Bardiya went to Egypt with Cambyses and was there for some time but later Cambyses sent him back to Susa out of envy, because " Bardiya alone could draw the bow brought from the Ethiopian king.

Herodotus gives the size of the Persian fleet at 300 ships ; the Greeks had 378 at Salamis, but must have suffered significant losses, and so they probably also had around 300 in total ( though not necessarily all these ships formed part of the allied fleet for 479 BC ).

The ancient Greek historian Herodotus gives an account of exhibitionistic behaviors from the fifth century BC in The Histories.

Herodotus gives the names of 46 nations from which troops were drafted.

The following is the description which Herodotus gives of Bubastis, as it appeared shortly after the period of the Persian invasion, 525 BC, and Hamilton remarks that the plan of the ruins remarkably warrants the accuracy of this historical eye-witness.

Herodotus gives an account of the battle but does not give any numbers.

For the origin of Cyrus the Great's mother, Herodotus identifies Mandane of Media, and Ctesias insists that she is fully Persian but gives no name, while Nicolaus gives the name " Argoste " as Atradates's wife ; whether this figure represents Cyno or Cambyses's unnamed Persian queen has yet to be determined.

Herodotus gives an idea of the size of Phocaea by the describing the walls of Phocaea as having a diameter of 5 km, large even by modern standards.

Herodotus also gives a list of Scythian theonyms ( Hist.

*" Herodotus on Nitocris ": gives quote

Herodotus, in his Histories, Book II, gives a detailed if selectively coloured and imaginative description of ancient Egypt.

" Herodotus i. 110, Justin ( i. 4 ) gives both the legend and Herodotus ' rationalized version.

This theory is based on the absence of any mention of cavalry in Herodotus ' account of the battle, and an entry in the Suda dictionary.

Herodotus is the first who stated the main characteristics of ethnicity, with his famous account of what defines Greek identity, where he lists kinship ( Greek: ὅμαιμον-homaimon, " of the same blood "), language ( Greek: ὁμόγλωσσον-homoglōsson, " speaking the same language "), cults and customs ( Greek: ὁμότροπον-homotropon, " of the same habits or life ").

Whatever the original plan might have been, the larger, historical account is often merely a background to a broad range of inquiries and, as Herodotus himself observes, " Digressions are part of my plan.

In 425 BC, which is about the time that Herodotus is thought by many scholars to have died, the Athenian comic dramatist, Aristophanes, created The Acharnians, in which he blames The Peloponnesian War on the abduction of some prostitutes-a mocking reference to Herodotus, who reported the Persians ' account of their wars with Greece, beginning with the rapes of the mythical heroines Io, Europa, Medea and Helen.

Moreover, the fact that the Suda is the only source we have for the heroic role played by Herodotus, as liberator of his birthplace, is itself a good reason to doubt such a romantic account.

According to a very different account by an ancient grammarian, Herodotus refused to begin reading his work at the festival of Olympia until some clouds offered him a bit of shade, by which time however the assembly had dispersed-thus the proverbial expression " Herodotus and his shade " to describe any man who misses his opportunity through delay.

( The element of a ring thrown into the sea and found back in a fish's belly later appeared in Herodotus ' account of Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos from c. 538 BC to 522 BC.

The first, which forms the main part of the account of Herodotus ( 3.

According to Herodotus ' account of the Lydian empire under the Mermnads, Arion attended a musical competition in Sicily, which he won.

Herodotus, a Greek historian and author of The Histories, provided an account of many Persian kings and the Greco-Persian Wars.

The ancient Greek historian Herodotus gave the following account of the phoenix in the fifth century BC while describing the animals of Egypt:

The first, more popularly supported, theory roughly follows Herodotus ' ( third ) account, stating that the Scythians were an Iranic group who arrived from Inner Asia, i. e. from the area of Turkestan and western Siberia.

Eidolon is also present in Stesichorus ' account, but not in Herodotus ' rationalizing version of the myth.

Some current historians tend to believe Herodotus ' account, primarily because he stated with disbelief that the Phoenicians " as they sailed on a westerly course round the southern end of Libya ( Africa ), they had the sun on their right-to northward of them " ( The Histories 4. 42 ) -- in Herodotus ' time it was not known that Africa extended south past the equator ; however, Egyptologists also point out that it would have been extremely unusual for an Egyptian Pharaoh to carry out such an expedition.

Herodotus presents the Lydian accounts of the conversation with Solon ( Histories 1. 29 -. 33 ), the tragedy of Croesus ' son Atys ( Histories 1. 34 -. 45 ) and the fall of Croesus ( Histories 1. 85 -. 89 ); Xenophon instances Croesus in his panegyric fictionalized biography of Cyrus: Cyropaedia, 7. 1 ; and Ctesias, whose account is also an encomium of Cyrus.

Herodotus tells us that in the Lydian account, Croesus was placed upon a great pyre by Cyrus ' orders, for Cyrus wanted to see if any of the heavenly powers would appear to save him from being burned alive.

With Herodotus ' account also being unreliable chronologically in this case, as J. A. S.

* Herodotus ' account of Croesus ( from the Perseus Project ): see 1. 6-94 ; contains links Croesus was the son of Alyattes II and continued the conquest of Ionian cities of Asia Minor that his father had begun to both English and Greek versions

Ctesias was the author of treatises on rivers, and on the Persian revenues, of an account of India entitled Indica ( which is of value as recording the beliefs of the Persians about India ), and of a history of Assyria and Persia in 23 books, called Persica, written in opposition to Herodotus in the Ionic dialect, and professedly founded on the Persian royal archives.

One such figure was Phanes of Halicarnassus, who would later on leave Amasis, for reasons Herodotus does not clearly know but suspects were personal between the two figures.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

Early conceptions of ecology, such as a balance and regulation in nature can be traced to Herodotus ( died c. 425 BC ), who described one of the earliest accounts of mutualism in his observation of " natural dentistry ".

Moreover, Thucydides developed a historical topic more in keeping with the Greek lifestyle-the polis or city-state-whereas the interplay of civilizations was more relevant to Asiatic Greeks ( such as Herodotus himself ), for whom life under foreign rule was a recent memory.

In fact Herodotus was in the habit of seeking out information from empowered sources within communities, such as aristocrats and priests, and this also occurred at an international level, with Periclean Athens becoming his principal source of information about events in Greece.

At the Milton school, students recited such classical works as those by Herodotus, Cicero, and Tacitus.

What is known about the easternmost satraps and borderlands of the Achaemenid Empire are alluded to in the Darius inscriptions and from Greek sources such as the Histories of Herodotus and the later Alexander Chronicles ( Arrian, Strabo et al .).

These authors, in such works as The Republic and Laws by Plato, and The Politics and Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, analyzed political systems philosophically, going beyond earlier Greek poetic and historical reflections which can be found in the works of epic poets like Homer and Hesiod, historians like Herodotus and Thucydides, and dramatists such as Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Euripides.

Herodotus claimed Nile crocodiles had a symbiotic relationship with certain birds, such as the Egyptian plover, which enter the crocodile's mouth and pick leeches feeding on the crocodile's blood ; with no evidence of this interaction actually occurring in any crocodile species, it is most likely mythical or allegorical fiction.

Other writers, such as Herodotus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Pausanias, and Eutropius, describe them as Greeks.

Except for a few basic generalities, such as that the Lycians probably fought in the Trojan War, nothing mentioned by the works produced under the name of Homer, or the other poets, or anything said by Herodotus about Lycians prior to his own time, is generally granted any historical validity.

In it the names of Herodotus and the names of his title, except Saka, as well as many other words for " Scythian ," such as Assyrian Aškuz and Greek Skuthēs, descend from * skeud -, an ancient Indo-European root meaning " propel, shoot " ( cf.

# Finally ( 4. 13 ), a legend which Herodotus attributed to the Greek bard Aristeas, who claimed to have got himself into such a Bachanalian fury that he ran all the way northeast across Scythia and further.

Ancient authors such as Herodotus and Plutarch are the main source of information, yet they wrote about Solon long after his death, at a time when history was by no means an academic discipline.

Details about Solon's personal life have been passed down to us by ancient authors such as Plutarch and Herodotus.

If Herodotus is indeed correct then Milo was probably not a member of Croton's nobility for such an arrangement with a wage-earning physician would have been beneath the dignity of a Greek noble.

Written between the 450s and 420s BC, the scope of Herodotus ' work reaches about a century into the past, discussing 6th-century historical figures such as Darius I of Persia, Cambyses II and Psamtik III, and alludes to some 8th-century ones such as Candaules.

Herodotus was succeeded by authors such as Thucydides, Xenophon, Demosthenes, Plato and Aristotle.

" Modern scholars generally consider only one of the attributed epigrams to be unquestionably authentic ( an inscription for the seer Megistius quoted by Herodotus ), which places in doubt even some of the most famous examples, such as the one to the Spartans at Thermopylae, quoted in the introduction.