Plutarch criticised Herodotus in his essay " On The Malignity of Herodotus ", describing Herodotus as " Philobarbaros " ( barbarian-lover ), for not being pro-Greek enough, which suggests that Herodotus might actually have done a reasonable job of being even-handed.

Herodotus suggests that command rotated between the strategoi, each taking in turn a day to command the army.

But the form of the OHG and Gothic words suggests it is also a borrowing, perhaps indeed directly or indirectly from Greek " ἐλέφας " ( elephas ), which in Homer only meant " ivory ", but from Herodotus on the word also referred to the animal.

He suggests that the story told to Herodotus could have been the result of almost two centuries of telling and retelling by Pyramid guides.

On the other hand, Daniel Mendelsohn, in a review of a recent edition of Herodotus, suggests that, at least in his graduate school days during the Cold War, professing admiration of Thucydides served as a form of self-presentation:

Plutarch criticised Herodotus in his essay " On The Malignity of Herodotus ", describing Herodotus as " Philobarbaros " ( barbarian-lover ), for not being pro-Greek enough, which suggests that Herodotus might actually have done a reasonable job of being even-handed.

The Midas of the late 8th century BC had a Greek wife and strong ties to the Greeks, which suggests it was he who made the offering ; but Herodotus also says Gyges of Lydia, a contemporary of that Midas, was " the first foreigner since Midas " to make an offering at Delphi, which suggests Herodotus believed the throne was donated by the more ancient Midas.

By means of an inscription, Ross was able to identify the site of the temple ; it lies, as Herodotus suggests, on a low hill beyond the boundary of the town.

Plutarch criticised Herodotus in his essay " On The Malignity of Herodotus ", describing Herodotus as " Philobarbaros " ( barbarian-lover ), for not being pro-Greek enough, which suggests that Herodotus might actually have done a reasonable job of being even-handed.

Herodotus suggests that this was because he feared the Greeks would sail to the Hellespont and destroy the pontoon bridges, thereby trapping his army in Europe.

" Herodotus suggests that the purpose of this message was twofold ; firstly to encourage the Ionians, unbeknownst to the Persians, to fight for the Allies ( or at least not to fight against them ); or, if the message became known to the Persians, to make the Persians mistrust the Ionians.

while Herodotus suggests that there were 60, 000 men in the army under the command of Tigranes.

His oracular shrine in Abae in Phocis, where he bore the toponymic epithet Abaeus (, Apollon Abaios ) was important enough to be consulted by Croesus ( Herodotus, 1. 46 ).

According to Herodotus, Amasis, was asked by Cambyses II or Cyrus the Great for an Egyptian ophthalmologist on good terms.

Amasis worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king refused to give up his offspring ; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire so he concocted a trickery in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring.

One such figure was Phanes of Halicarnassus, who would later on leave Amasis, for reasons Herodotus does not clearly know but suspects were personal between the two figures.

He was buried at the royal necropolis of Sais, and while his tomb was never discovered, Herodotus describes it for us:

According to Herodotus, when Anacharsis returned to the Scythians he was killed by his own brother for his Greek ways and especially for the impious attempt to sacrifice to the Mother Goddess Cybele, whose cult was unwelcome among the Scythians.

Aegina, according to Herodotus, was a colony of Epidaurus, to which state it was originally subject.

# Herodotus nowhere states or implies that peace was concluded between the two states before 481 BC, nor does he distinguish between different wars during this period.

Herodotus had no Athenian victories to record after the initial success, and the fact that Themistocles was able to carry his proposal to devote the surplus funds of the state to the building of so large a fleet seems to imply that the Athenians were themselves convinced that a supreme effort was necessary.

Herodotus ( Histories iv. 189 ) thought he had identified the source of the ægis in Libya, which was always a distant territory of ancient magic for the Greeks:

Androphagi ( Ancient Greek: " Ἀνδροφάγοι " for " man-eaters ") was an ancient nation of cannibals north of Scythia ( according to Herodotus ), probably in the forests between the upper waters of the Dnepr and Don.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

Herodotus, who has been called the ' Father of History ', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor ( then under Persian overlordship ).

Nevertheless, Thucydides chose to begin his history where Herodotus left off ( at the Siege of Sestos ), and may therefore have felt that Herodotus's history was accurate enough not to need re-writing or correcting.

A negative view of Herodotus was passed on to Renaissance Europe, though he remained well read.

There does, however, seem to have been a delay between the Athenian arrival at Marathon, and the battle ; Herodotus, who evidently believed that Miltiades was eager to attack, may have made a mistake whilst seeking to explain this delay.

Herodotus does not estimate the size of the Persian army, only saying that they were a " large infantry that was well packed ".

Herodotus first formulated some of the persistent problems of anthropology.

The word is attested in Herodotus, who wrote some of the first surviving Greek prose, but this may not have been before 440 or 430 BC.

This theory therefore utilises Herodotus ' suggestion that after Marathon, the Persian army re-embarked and tried to sail around Cape Sounion to attack Athens directly ; however, according to the first theory this attempt would have occurred before the battle ( and indeed have triggered the battle ).

Indeed, based on their previous experience of the Greeks, the Persians might be excused for this ; Herodotus tells us that the Athenians at Marathon were " first to endure looking at Median dress and men wearing it, for up until then just hearing the name of the Medes caused the Hellenes to panic ".

Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to Herodotus ; actually, the story first appears in Plutarch's On the Glory of Athens in the 1st century AD, who quotes from Heracleides of Pontus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles.

Herodotus is the first who stated the main characteristics of ethnicity, with his famous account of what defines Greek identity, where he lists kinship ( Greek: ὅμαιμον-homaimon, " of the same blood "), language ( Greek: ὁμόγλωσσον-homoglōsson, " speaking the same language "), cults and customs ( Greek: ὁμότροπον-homotropon, " of the same habits or life ").

The generation following Herodotus witnessed a spate of local histories of the individual city-states ( poleis ), written by the first of the local historians who employed the written archives of city and sanctuary.

According to Herodotus, the first step of mummification was to " take a crooked piece of iron, and with it draw out the brain through the nostrils, thus getting rid of a portion, while the skull is cleared of the rest by rinsing with drugs.

Herodotus says that the Neuri had Scythian customs, but they were at first not considered Scythian.

Plutarch said the inhabitants of Caria carried the emblem of the rooster on the end of their lances and relates that origin to Artaxerxes, who awarded a Carian who was said to have killed Cyrus the Younger at the battle of Cunaxa in 401 B. C " the privilege of carrying ever after a golden cock upon his spear before the first ranks of the army in all expeditions " and the Carians also wore crested helmets at the time of Herodotus, for which reason " the Persians gave the Carians the name of cocks ".

Herodotus spoke of the Macrobians, an ancient people and kingdom postulated to have been located on the Somali peninsula during the first millennium BC.

The first recorded uses of steganography can be traced back to 440 BC when Herodotus mentions two examples of steganography in his Histories.

Thus, the first modern rounding of the cape in 1488 by Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the attempts by the Portuguese to establish direct trade relations with the Far East ( although in his histories Herodotus proves, disbelievingly, that some Phoenicians had done so far earlier than this ).

They are first mentioned in the writings of the Ancient Greeks, in Herodotus ( Histories Book IV XCIII: " the noblest as well as the most just of all the Thracian tribes ") and Thucydides ( Peloponnesian Wars, Book II: " border on the Scythians and are armed in the same manner, being all mounted archers ").

According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Xerxes's first attempt to bridge the Hellespont ended in failure when a storm destroyed the flax and papyrus cables of the bridges ; Xerxes ordered the Hellespont ( the strait itself ) whipped three hundred times and had fetters thrown into the water.

The first, which forms the main part of the account of Herodotus ( 3.

According to these two archaeologists this is the first archaeological evidence of the story reported by Herodotus.

Herodotus ( 1, 23 ) says " Arion was second to none of the lyre-players in his time and was also the first man we know of to compose and name the dithyramb and teach it in Corinth ".

The first, more popularly supported, theory roughly follows Herodotus ' ( third ) account, stating that the Scythians were an Iranic group who arrived from Inner Asia, i. e. from the area of Turkestan and western Siberia.

Herodotus provides the first detailed description of the Scythians.

So too could the first major English author to write in this style, William Painter, who borrowed from, amongst others, Herodotus, Plutarch, Aulus Gellius, Claudius Aelianus, Livy, Tacitus, Giovanni Battista Giraldi, and Bandello himself.

The ancient Greek historian Herodotus was the first to state that the ancient Mesopotamians practised temple prostitution:

All these amusing anecdotes might simply reflect the fact that he was the first poet to charge fees for his services — generosity is glimpsed in his payment for an inscription on a friend's epitaph, as recorded by Herodotus.