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Hesiod and Theogony
In the following stage, the poets Hesiod and Homer attempt to enumerate the Gods ; Hesiod's Theogony giving the number of twelve.
Plato's work Timaeus is a philosophical reconciliation of Hesiod's cosmology in his Theogony, syncretically reconciling Hesiod to Homer.
** Theogony, ascribed to Hesiod ( Greek mythology )
* Hesiod ’ s Theogony
" Hesiod told in Theogony ( 371-374 ).
One modern scholar surmises that Hesiod may have learned about world geography, especially the catalogue of rivers in Theogony ( ll.
In that case, the tripod that Hesiod won might have been awarded for his rendition of Theogony, a poem that seems to presuppose the kind of aristocratic audience he would have met at Chalcis.
Three works attributed to Hesiod by ancient commentators have survived: Works and Days, Theogony and Shield of Heracles.
Many ancient critics also rejected Theogony ( e. g. Pausanias 9. 31. 3 ) but that seems rather perverse since Hesiod mentions himself by name in that poem ( line 22 ).
Aristotle ( Metaphysics 983b – 987a ) believed that the question of first causes may even have started with Hesiod ( Theogony 116 – 53 ) and Homer ( Iliad 14. 201, 246 ).
In addition to the Theogony and Works and Days, numerous other poems were ascribed to Hesiod during antiquity.
* Athanassakis, Apostolos N., Theogony ; Works and days ; Shield / Hesiod ; introduction, translation, and notes, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
** Perseus Classics Collection: Greek and Roman Materials: Text: Hesiod ( Greek texts and English translations for Works and Days, Theogony, and Shield of Heracles with additional notes and cross links.
*** Sacred Texts: Classics: The Works of Hesiod ( Theogony and Works and Days only )
* Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days.
In the Theogony, Hesiod introduces Prometheus as a lowly challenger to Zeus's omniscience and omnipotence.
* West, M. L., " Hesiod, Theogony, ed.
In the Theogony of Hesiod Demeter was united with the hero Iasion in Crete and she bore Ploutos.
In the seventh century BC, Hesiod, both in his Theogony ( briefly, without naming Pandora outright, line 570 ) and in Works and Days, gives the earliest literary version of the Pandora story ; however, there is an older mention of jars or urns containing blessings and evils bestowed upon mankind in Homer's Iliad:
This woman goes unnamed in the Theogony, but is presumably Pandora, whose myth Hesiod revisited in Works and Days.
* Athanassakis, A. Hesiod: Theogony, Works and Days, Shield ( New York 1983 ).
* Hesiod, Theogony, and Works and Days ( Oxford 1988 ).
* Schlegel, Catherine and Henry Weinfield, " Introduction to Hesiod " in Hesiod / Theogony and Works and Days, University of Michigan Press, 2006.
* West, M. L. Hesiod, Theogony, ed.

Hesiod and ;
Hesiod states that the genitals " were carried over the sea a long time, and white foam arose from the immortal flesh ; with it a girl grew.
Hesiod ( or ;, Hēsíodos ) was a Greek oral poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.
* a vita of Hesiod by the Byzantine grammarian John Tzetzes ;
* the entry for Hesiod in the Suda ;
Homer and Hesiod suggest that Poseidon became lord of the sea following the defeat of his father Kronos, when the world was divided by lot among his three sons ; Zeus was given the sky, Hades the underworld, and Poseidon the sea, with the Earth and Mount Olympus belonging to all three.
" From her is the race of women and female kind ," Hesiod writes ; " of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets in hateful poverty, but only in wealth.
* Hesiod ; Works and Days, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
* Athanassakis, Apostolos N., Theogony ; Works and days ; Shield / Hesiod ; introduction, translation, and notes, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
* Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press ; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
* Hesiod, Theogony ; Homer, Odyssey, XI, 576 ff ; Virgil, Aeneid, VI, 539-627.
Writers similarly disagree also concerning the number of the Muses ; for some say that there are three, and others that there are nine, but the number nine has prevailed since it rests upon the authority of the most distinguished men, such as Homer and Hesiod and others like them.
Some Greek sources say that he was the son of Gaia and Oceanus ; however, ancient Greeks generally believed with Hesiod that Tethys and Oceanus were the parents of all three thousand river gods.
Hesiod made him the son of Phoenix, eponym of the Phoenicians, thus a figure of Phoenician origin ; his association with Cyprus is not attested before the classical era.
* Athanassakis, Apostolos N, Hesiod, Theogony ; Works and days ; Shield, JHU Press, 2004.

Hesiod and ).
Eventually they came to regard Hesiod too as their " hearth-founder " ( / oikistēs ).
Hesiod mentions a poetry contest at Chalcis in Euboea where the sons of one Amphidamas awarded him a tripod ( Works and Days ll. 654 – 662 ).
For example, the first ten verses of the Works and Days may have been borrowed from an Orphic hymn to Zeus ( they were recognised as not the work of Hesiod by critics as ancient as Pausanias ).
* Aegimius, a heroic epic concerning the Dorian Aegimius ( variously attributed to Hesiod or Cercops of Miletus ).
* Hesiod, Works and Days Book 1 Works and Days Book 2 Works and Days Book 3 Translated from the Greek by Mr. Cooke ( London, 1728 ).
Hesiod revisits the story of Prometheus in the Works and Days ( lines 42 – 105 ).
As a result, Hesiod tells us, " the earth and sea are full of evils " ( 101 ).
Atalanta was the daughter of Iasus ( or Mainalos or Schoeneus, according to Hyginus ), a Boeotian ( according to Hesiod ) or an Arcadian princess ( according to the Bibliotheca ).
In Greek mythology the gigantes ( γίγαντες ) were ( according to the poet Hesiod ) the children of Uranus ( mythology ) ( Ουρανός ) and Gaea ( Γαία ) ( spirits of the sky and the earth ).
A tendency to imitate other poets is not peculiar to Bacchylides, however – it was common in ancient poetry, as for example in a poem by Alcaeus ( fragment 347 ), which virtually quotes a passage from Hesiod ( Works and Days 582 – 8 ).
Traditionally, the Archaic period of ancient Greece is taken in the wake of this strong Orientalizing influence during the 8th century BC, which among other things brought the alphabetic script to Greece, marking the beginning of Greek literature ( Homer, Hesiod ).
One popular metre is the dactylic tetrameter ( in contrast to the dactylic hexameter of Homer and Hesiod ).
The Meliae belong to a class of sisterhoods whose nature is to appear collectively and who are invoked in the plural, though genealogical myths, especially in Hesiod, give them individual names, such as Melia, " but these are quite clearly secondary and carry no great weight " ( Burkert 1985 III. 3. 2 ).
Hesiod gives the name of another Oceanid, Clymene, in his Theogony ( 359 ) but the Bibliotheca ( 1. 8 ) gives instead the name Asia as does Lycophron ( 1411 ).
In Greek mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis among the six sons and six daughters of Gaia and Uranus ( Earth and Sky ).
As a result, Hesiod tells us, " the earth and sea are full of evils " ( 101 ).
She is the goddess of the daytime and, according to Hesiod, the daughter of Erebos and Nyx ( the goddess of night ).
Hesiod said that Momus was a son of Night ( Nyx ).
The Greek poet Hesiod established in his Theogony that Thánatos is a son of Nyx ( Night ) and Erebos ( Darkness ) and twin of Hypnos ( Sleep ).

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