Karl W. Hillig, a graduate student in the laboratory of long-time Cannabis researcher Paul G. Mahlberg at Indiana University, conducted a systematic investigation of genetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic variation among 157 Cannabis accessions of known geographic origin, including fiber, drug, and feral populations.

In 2005, Hillig published a genetic analysis of the same set of accessions ( this paper was the first in the series, but was delayed in publication ), and proposed a three-species classification, recognizing C. sativa, C. indica, and ( tentatively ) C. ruderalis.

In his doctoral dissertation published the same year, Hillig stated that principal components analysis of phenotypic ( morphological ) traits failed to differentiate the putative species, but that canonical variates analysis resulted in a high degree of discrimination of the putative species and infraspecific taxa.

In 2004, Hillig and Mahlberg published a chemotaxomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in their Cannabis germplasm collection.

After noting similar patterns in both, he concluded " the similarities in the spectograms second the convincing subjective impression that the voices are identical.

They used gas chromatography to determine cannabinoid content and to infer allele frequencies of the gene that controls CBD and THC production within the studied populations, and concluded that the patterns of cannabinoid variation support recognition of C. sativa and C. indica as separate species, but not C. ruderalis.

He concluded that the trees should be raised all their lives without pruning, allowing them to form healthy and efficient branch patterns following their natural inclination.

Though they differed on some of the details, scholars have generally concluded that systematic patterns are identifiable in American national elections such that cycles occur on a regular schedule: once every 36-years or so.

However, they also found inadequate regeneration in some areas and concluded that definitive regeneration patterns have not yet manifested.

On this basis, the acoustics firm of Bolt, Beranek and Newman concluded that impulse patterns 1, 2, and 4 were shots fired from the Depository, and that there was a 50 % chance that impulse pattern 3 was a shot from the grassy knoll.

Cryer concluded from the physical evidence and burn patterns that an accelerant had been used.

Taking data from historical records and indigenous peoples in various countries, she concluded that conception and birth in human beings, like that of many other animals, followed seasonal patterns to a degree.

Gumperz concluded that in determining speech patterns in this community, " the determining factor seems to be informal friendship contacts ", rather than work contacts.

Golgi concluded that there must be more than one species of malaria parasite responsible for these different patterns of infection.

" It concluded, among other things, that Head Start programs designed to boost African-American IQ scores had failed, and that this was likely never to be remedied, largely because, in Jensen's estimation, 80 % of the variance in IQ in the population studied was the result of genetic factors and the remainder was due to environmental influences.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material.

Hershey and Chase concluded that protein was likely not the hereditary genetic material.

A 2007 review that summarized current understanding of the contribution of genetic susceptibility factors to the development of sIBM concluded there is no indication that the genes responsible for the familial or hereditary conditions are involved in sIBM.

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) summarized the general view with, " it has to be concluded that Greenberg ’ s intuitions on the genetic unity of Khoisan could not be confirmed by subsequent research.

" A 2006 genetic study by the National Institute of Biologicals in India, testing a sample of men from 32 tribal and 45 caste groups, concluded that the Indians have acquired very few genes from Indo-European speakers.

Countering Gould, Davis further explained that Goddard proposed that the low IQs of the sub-normally intelligent men and women who took the cognitive-ability test likely derived from their social environments rather than from their respective genetic inheritances, and concluded that " we may be confident that their children will be of average intelligence, and, if rightly brought up, will be good citizens.

The researchers concluded that there was genetic material being passed down on the X chromosome which both promotes fertility in the mother and homosexuality in her male offspring.

He concluded that skull and facial features were clues to genetic criminality and that these features could be measured with craniometers and calipers with the results developed into quantitative research.

A recent study concluded that of the people migrating across the Bering land bridge at the close of the ice age, only 70 left their genetic print in modern descendants, a minute effective founder population — this can be easily misread as though implying that only 70 people crossed to North America.

In 2005, a Massey University study in New Zealand concluded that sailors from the Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal Navy and Fijian Navy who observed the tests from nearby ships later suffered adverse health effects from exposure to radiation fallout, including cancer and genetic abnormalities in the veterans ' children.

Thus, they concluded that the genetic code is a triplet code because it did not cause a frameshift in the reading frame.

Thus, they concluded that the genetic code is a triplet code because it did not cause a frameshift in the reading frame.

Based on genetic and archeological data, mainstream scientists have concluded that Native Americans are descended from the prehistoric inhabitants of East Asia, although mixed genetics are not precluded by either science or LDS doctrine.

( 2006 ) concluded Oryza sativa rice was domesticated at least twice — indica in eastern India, Myanmar and Thailand ; and japonica in southern China and Vietnam — though they concede that there is archaeological and genetic evidence for a single domestication of rice in the lowlands of China.

With recently published data from the Cat Genome Project, based on DNA swabs, it has been concluded that the Sokoke is part of the Asian Group of domestic cats, and has Arabian wildcat genetic origins as well.

If genetic divergence and regional divergence coincide it can be concluded that the observed divergence is due to migration as evidenced by the archaeological record.

The study of the Minorcan colony concluded that at least in these westernmost birds, genetic variation was extremely low, suggesting that the Yelkouan Shearwater may have suffered a marked population decline historically and thus, while not threatened judging from its absolute numbers, could be vulnerable to adverse effects of inbreeding.

If a disease process is concluded to be the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factor influences, its etiological origin can be referred to as having a multifactorial pattern.

Researchers from Texas Tech University examined a frozen onza corpse in the 1990s and concluded that it was most likely a genetic variant of the cougar, but not a distinct species.

The EFSA Panel on food additives, flavorings, processing aids, and materials in contact with food ( AFC ) concluded that Primary Product FF-B can be regarded as weakly genotoxic in vivo ( i. e. animal testing has shown it can damage DNA, the genetic material in cells ).

concluded that, " The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them.

He found that replacement of testes back into the abdominal cavity of the same bird or another castrated bird resulted in normal behavioural and morphological development, and he concluded ( erroneously ) that the testes secreted a substance that " conditioned " the blood that, in turn, acted on the body of the cockerel.

Based on morphological evidence, British zoologist Reginald Pocock concluded the jaguar is most closely related to the leopard.

Professors William Emboden, Loran Anderson, and Harvard botanist Richard E. Schultes and coworkers also conducted taxonomic studies of Cannabis in the 1970s, and concluded that stable morphological differences exist that support recognition of at least three species, C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis.

Based on morphological characters, vertebral counts, and tooth shapes, Garrick ( 1982 ) concluded the grey reef shark is most closely related to the silvertip shark ( C. albimarginatus ).

Newer research, based on both morphological and mitochondrial DNA data, has however concluded that the East Siberian cod is not a distinct species from the Arctic cod, but the genus Arctogadus comprises just a single species i. e. the Arctic cod Arctogadus glacialis.

Conant concluded, based on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence, that a system of three clades — Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris, whereby Alsophila is most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris are derived sister groups — is the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae.