Further investigation and theoretical work showed that the effect was a radiationless effect more than an internal conversion effect by use of elementary quantum mechanics and transition rate and transition probability calculations.

His suggestion that the continents had been pulled apart by the centrifugal pseudoforce ( Polflucht ) of the Earth's rotation or by a small component of astronomical precession was rejected as calculations showed that the force was not sufficient.

Rubin's observations and calculations showed that most galaxies must contain about ten times as much “ dark ” mass as can be accounted for by the visible stars.

The free-electron debacle showed researchers that the model assuming that the ions were in a sea of free electrons needed modification, and so a number of quantum mechanical models such as band structure calculations based on molecular orbitals or the density functional theory were developed.

The reason for the reform was that the average length of the year in the Julian calendar was too long – it treated each year as 365 days, 6 hours in length, whereas calculations showed that the actual mean length of a year is slightly less ( 365 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes ) As a result, the date of the actual vernal equinox had slowly ( over the course of 13 centuries ) slipped to 10 March, while the computus ( calculation ) of the date of Easter still followed the traditional date of 21 March.

* The Ptolemaic model of planetary motion: Based on the geometrical model of Eudoxus of Cnidus, Ptolemy's Almagest, demonstrated that calculations could compute the exact positions of the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets in the future and in the past, and showed how these computational models were derived from astronomical observations.

Newer calculations showed that if the Starfish Prime warhead had been detonated over the northern continental United States, the magnitude of the EMP would have been much larger ( 22 to 30 kilovolts / metre ) because of the greater strength of the Earth's magnetic field over the United States, as well as the different orientation of the Earth's magnetic field at high latitudes.

When his calculations showed that the manholes on telephone routes were sufficiently close together to be able to insert the loading coils without the expense of either having to dig up the route or lay in new cables he changed to this new plan.

That alternative route, different from the theoretical eastward route, was based on calculations of the Earth's circumference made by Columbus which showed the measurement to be substantially less than the classic 10, 000 mile figure given by Eratosthenes in the 3rd century BC.

Gilbert's calculations showed that the volume of the crater and the debris on the rim were roughly equivalent, so that the mass of the hypothetical impactor was missing, nor were there any magnetic anomalies.

Meteor storms were anticipated, but the final calculations showed that most of the dust would be far inside of Earth's orbit.

showed that the problem of determining the maximum density of all arrangements ( regular and irregular ) could be reduced to a finite ( but very large ) number of calculations.

After Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, he showed Wolfgang Pauli his calculations, commenting at one point:

It is especially notable for its treatment of decimal fractions, and that it showed how to carry out calculations without deletions.

Weinberg ’ s discussion of why matter is so dominant over anti-matter showed Guth how precise calculations about particles could be obtained by studying the first few seconds of the universe.

His assignment was to study the Adler – Bell – Jackiw anomaly, a mismatch in the theory of the decay of neutral pions ; formal arguments forbid the decay into photons, whereas practical calculations and experiments showed that this was the primary form of decay.

Gilbert's calculations showed that the volume of the crater and the debris on the rim were roughly equal.

As a child he was a shepherd but showed aptitude for mental calculations.

Todd's calculations showed it to be 2¼ miles farther east than had previously been determined.

However, Lorentz ( 1886 ) showed Michelson's calculations were wrong and that he overestimated the accuracy of the measurement.

Their calculations showed that the LRC would have a cost per passenger of $ 23. 26 over a trip, only slightly higher than conventional trains.

Størmer's calculations showed that small variations in the trajectories of particles approaching the earth would be magnified by the effects of the Earth's magnetic field, explaining the convoluted shapes of aurorae.

Of the seventeen tautomeric forms, calculations showed that of the tri-oxo forms was found to be the most stable.

Theoretical calculations deemed this task impossible, but in a seminal paper in 1984, the group led by Jacques Dubochet at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory showed images of adenovirus embedded in a vitrified layer of water.

The " Super ", however, proved elusive, and the calculations were incredibly difficult to perform, especially since there was no existing way to run small-scale tests of the principles involved ( in comparison, the properties of fission could be more easily probed with cyclotrons, newly created nuclear reactors, and various other tests ).

* 1618 – Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion ( he first discovered it on March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made ).

Making mathematical calculations based on his experiments, Tesla discovered that the resonant frequency of the Earth was approximately 8 hertz ( Hz ).

When developing quantum electrodynamics in the 1930s, Max Born, Werner Heisenberg, Pascual Jordan, and Paul Dirac discovered that in perturbative calculations many integrals were divergent.

The same year, based on geometrical considerations and through trigonometric calculations perfectly mastered, he discovered the first infinite product in history of mathematics by giving an expression of π:

While on the job he discovered a faster way to do some of the calculations and took that discovery to his boss.

In 1881, Newcomb discovered the statistical principle now known as Benford's law, when he observed that the earlier pages of logarithm books, used at that time to carry out logarithmic calculations, were far more worn than the later pages.

127 is also an exponent for another Mersenne prime 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 ( 2 < sup > 127 </ sup >-1 was discovered by Édouard Lucas in 1876, and held the record for the largest known prime for 75 years-it is still the largest prime ever discovered by hand calculations ).

Brian G. Marsden and Zdeněk Sekanina attempted to calculate a likely orbit for any remaining parts of the comet ; it was during a search using Marsden's calculations that Luboš Kohoutek discovered Comet Kohoutek.

Fifteen years later, after the remains of Voyager are finally discovered, Harry Kim and Chakotay, who survived the trip home on board the Delta Flyer, sends calculations back in time to Seven of Nine, by using a Borg temporal transmitter, which they believe will allow the slipstream to hold and Voyager to return to Earth.

According to one, his gifts became very apparent at the age of three when he corrected, mentally and without fault in his calculations, an error his father had made on paper while calculating finances.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel did more definitive studies and calculations of diffraction, made public in 1815 and 1818, and thereby gave great support to the wave theory of light that had been advanced by Christiaan Huygens and reinvigorated by Young, against Newton's particle theory.

Alternative calculations, based on the assumption that the official reports underestimated how much seawater had been forced into the damaged tanks, placed the total at.

Armstrong was of the opinion that anyone who had actual contact with the development of radio understood that the radio art was the product of experiment and work based on physical reasoning, rather than on the mathematicians ' calculations and formulae ( known today as part of " mathematical physics ").

To assist him in the work he took on several people who were to play important roles in the design and construction of the Eiffel Tower, including Maurice Koechlin, a young graduate of the Zurich Polytechnikum, who was engaged to undertake calculations and make drawings, and Emile Nouguier, who had previously worked for Eiffel on the construction of the Douro bridge.

The validity of the Electoral Council's post-ballot calculations of whether a majority had been attained was disputed.

The master noted that his own calculations had placed the ship sixty miles east of its true landfall which had been correctly predicted by Harrison using H1.

Āryabhaṭa seems to have had in mind applications to astronomical calculations.

Lalande said of him that, during a comparatively short life, he had made more observations and calculations than all the astronomers of his time put together.

In 1848, Jacques Babinet raised an objection to Le Verrier's calculations, claiming that Neptune's observed mass was smaller and its orbit larger than Le Verrier had initially predicted.

They compare well with the chemistry of the other group 4 elements, even though some calculations had indicated that the element might show significantly different properties due to relativistic effects.

By 1978 Parr had realized that Density Functional Theory ( DFT ) would be extremely useful in quantitative calculations of chemical and biological systems, especially those with high molecular weights.

According to calculations by the German newspaper Die Welt, Spain's economy had been on course to overtake countries like Germany in per capita income by 2011.

Because the results of calculations based on Teller's concept were discouraging, many scientists believed it could not lead to a successful weapon, and many more had moral grounds for not proceeding.

However, four of the naval officers present stated that their calculations had been performed to Maskelyne's instructions and were therefore subject to their inexperience.

Some historians have claimed that the Portuguese had already performed fairly accurate calculations concerning the size of the world and therefore knew that sailing west to reach the Indies would require a far longer journey than navigating to the east.

This discovery had heralded the existence of incommensurable quantities beyond the integers and rational fractions, but at the same time it threw into question the idea of measurement and calculations in geometry as a whole.

Clarence had long been excluded from Warwick's calculations.

The probability for producing antihydrogen from one antiproton was only about, so this method is not well suited for the production of substantial amounts of antihydrogen, as detailed calculations had shown before.

It was feared by some that the Trinity test might " ignite " the earth's atmosphere, eliminating all life on the planet, although calculations had determined this was unlikely.