This concern of " appropriation " is not unique, with similar criticisms having been raised about Catholic narratives regarding other convert victims of the Holocaust —" making it seem that the Church, not the Jewish people, was the primary victim of Nazi genocide ".

Apion's criticisms of Jewish culture and history were replied to by Josephus in Against Apion.

The movement's adherents counter that these criticisms reveal a fundamental misunderstanding of Jewish Renewal and its ordination programs, and note that ALEPH musmachim are accepted by the National Council of Seminaries which includes the heads of all major non-Orthodox North American Rabbinical and Cantorial Training programs.

Maimonides responded to these criticisms, and the Mishneh Torah endures as an influential work in Jewish religious thought.

Phillips's criticisms of liberal Jews who disagree with her positions on Israel have been condemned by Jewish writers such as Jonathan Freedland, Alan Dershowitz, and Rabbi David Goldberg.

He wrote in The Jewish Chronicle: " Now, as it happens, I have multiple criticisms of IJV [...] but even their most trenchant opponents must surely blanch at the notion that these critics of Israel and of Anglo-Jewish officialdom are somehow in favour of genocide — literally, eager to see the murder and eradication of the Jewish people [...] it is an absurdity, one that drains the word ' genocide ' of any meaning.

Ephron reports that Gentiles and also some Jewish reformers in early 19th century Germany had criticized ritual circumcision as " barbaric " and that Jewish doctors responded to these criticisms with defences of the ritual or proposals for modification or reform.

Cassuto's criticisms, while influential amongst many Jewish scholars, were dismissed by the overwhelming majority of Christian scholars at the time.

Though a loyal member of the Communist Party he expressed public criticisms of the Soviet Union in the 1970s for its restrictions on Jewish emigration and official anti-semitism in Poland in the late 1960s.

Sperling also wrote art criticisms for the Jewish Chronicle and the Palestine Post ( the latter which published his last review on the day of his death ), using the initials " Th.

His criticisms of Israel and the Jewish lobbying groups internationally became a focus of attention.

Some of the criticisms of relativity theory were mixed with racialist resistance that characterized the physics as an embodiment of Jewish ideology.

" He called various criticisms " a typical Hasbara smear & intimidation campaign .” Atzmon replied to the MacDonald review referenced by Dershowitz writing his own book " is a study of Jewish identity politics and Jewish culture, it is not concerned with Jewish ethnicity or racial origins.

Martin Indyk, the Australian-born former U. S. Ambassador to Israel and Board Member of the NIF, defended the NIF from these criticisms in an opinion piece directed at the Australian Jewish Community, saying, " From the first laws to defend children's rights to equity in land sales, from Israel's first rape crisis centers to its first comprehensive law protecting the disabled, from the passage of Clean Air laws to Freedom of Information laws, NIF plays a unique role as the driving force behind positive social change in Israel and the defense of the human rights for all its citizens.

The Church of Ireland took note of these and earlier criticisms and, having discovered the identity of Bertrams author ( Maturin had shed his nom de plume to collect the profits from the play ), subsequently barred Maturin's further clerical advancement.

The Watch Dog's identity is also kept secret, probably due to the column he maintains, Buyer's Beware, and the backlash one might receive for writing the column and the scathing criticisms of game company's customer support that the column is known for publishing.

The criticisms of Fichte, and more particularly of Hegel ( in the Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit ), pointed to a defect in the conception of the Absolute as mere featureless identity.

The founder of the Chabad philosophy, Shneur Zalman of Liadi, developed an intellectual system and an approach to Judaism intended to answer criticisms of Hasidism as anti-intellectual.

Another of Luzzatto's main criticisms of philosophy is its inability to engender compassion towards other humans, which is the focus of traditional Judaism ( or, as Luzzatto terms it, " Abrahamism ").

With the existence of diverse categories of religion such as monotheism, polytheism, pantheism, nontheism and diverse specific religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, and many others ; it is not always clear to whom the criticisms are aimed at or to what extent they are applicable to other religions.

Sometimes, however, these criticisms were directed at Judaism as a religion.

A number of theories have been proposed as explanations as well as criticisms regarding its existence.

However, Christos Evangeliou has contended that Plotinus ’ opponents might be better described as simply “ Christian Gnostics ”, arguing that several of Plotinus ’ criticisms are as applicable to orthodox Christian doctrine as well.

There are other criticisms as well, such as in scarcity not accounting for the macroeconomics of high unemployment.

The Scottish philosopher David Hume ( 1711 – 1776 ) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism.

Anatoli is quite plain-spoken in the manner in which he states and defends his views, as well as in his criticisms of contemporary failings.

Orans concludes that Freeman's basic criticisms, that Mead was duped by ceremonial virgin Fa ' apua ' a Fa ' amu ( who later swore to Freeman that she had played a joke on Mead ) were false for several reasons: first, Mead was well aware of the forms and frequency of Samoan joking ; second, she provided a careful account of the sexual restrictions on ceremonial virgins that correspond's to Fa ' apua ' a Fa ' auma ' a's account to Freeman, and third, that Mead's notes make clear that she had reached her conclusions about Samoan sexuality before meeting Fa ' apua ' a Fa ' amu.

The DSM-V Task Force proposes that the classification of the disorder be maintained with emphasis on gender variant behavior and thoughts as well as distress, evaluated separately, but the classification will be under a different name due to " criticisms that the term was stigmatizing.

Somewhat similar criticisms have also been expressed by some proponents of liberalism, like Henry George, Silvio Gesell and Thomas Paine, as well as the Distributist school of thought within the Roman Catholic Church.

The criticisms of past methods include failure to meet standard psychometric properties as well as research-specific designs that translate poorly to non-research use.

In many ways, the Joint Strike Fighter is seen as a rebirth of the TFX project, in that it purports to satisfy the needs of three American Air arms ( as well as several foreign customers ), fulfilling the roles of strike fighter, carrier-launched fighter, V / STOL, and close air support ( and drawing many criticisms similar to those leveled against the TFX ).

This article, along with further criticisms of Sargent's work from Adrian Parker and Nils Wiklund remained unpublished until 1987 but were well known in parapsychological circles.

For a time Saleem is held as a political prisoner ; these passages contain scathing criticisms of Indira Gandhi's overreach during the Emergency as well as a personal lust for power bordering on godhood.

The comments of the priest express the literary tastes of the author, though he offers some sharp criticisms of Cervantes's works as well.

Unlike the soundtracks to other blaxploitation films ( most notably Isaac Hayes ' score for Shaft ), which glorified the ghetto excesses of the characters, Mayfield's lyrics consisted of hard-hitting commentary on the state of affairs in black, urban ghettos at the time, as well as direct criticisms of several characters in the film.

Generally, Snowdrop's refit has been well received, but criticisms lie with the stark contrasts between the fine lines of the original Dartmouth builders and the somewhat crude welding of Mersey Heritage Ship Repair contractors ; this is coupled with extensions to the forward promenade deck, which appears to be somewhat ' stuck on '.

The series did not fare well among critics either, with one of its main criticisms being that it was simply a copy of Dynasty.

In fact they went far beyond such mere rational or historical criticisms of other religions and brought in a profound spiritual and yogic view as well.

This fuels criticisms of the symbolic interactionist framework for failing to account for social structure, as well as criticisms that interactionist theories cannot be assessed via quantitative methods, and cannot be falsifiable or tested empirically.

He is known for his consistently strong ( and often strident ) criticisms of George W. Bush and other prominent conservative politicians, as well as conservatives who call his show.

Some of his criticisms of contemporary composers have become quite famous, as well as the responses that they engendered.

Because the RCP is highly critical of the Soviet Union, which it views as state capitalist and social-imperialist, the RCP has often traded polemical criticisms with the pro-Soviet CPUSA, as well as Trotskyist groups that have rejected the view of the Soviet bloc as state capitalists to be decried in favor of " deformed workers states " to be defended.

Worse still, he presented his cause not as a fight for freedom, but also as a fight to purify Islam, and aimed many of his criticisms at fellow Avars as well as Chechen leaders and non-Avar Dagestani leaders.

For example, " No, of course the plague isn't God's punishment " matches " Don't be a pillock, Darren, of course AIDS isn't a punishment from God ", as well as criticisms of two unpopular and resistance-inducing poll taxes, one instituted in the 1380s under King Richard II, the other instituted in the 1980s under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

Avakian's study has involved the exploration and intellectual interrogation of communist theory and practice in socialist states as well as in the communist movement more broadly ; and at the same time Avakian has studied the criticisms, of various kinds and from various standpoints ( including from non-communists and those hostile to communism ), of that experience.