The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity through the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy.

Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda.

No larger settlements, however, have been found to have existed in this remote rural area, located at least 15 km from the nearest road even in Roman times, up to the early medieval period when the place is mentioned as a king's mansion for the first time, not long before Charlemagne became ruler of the Germanic Franks.

These were rededicated during the early Roman Empire to Augustus or Claudius ( uncertain ), and Agrippa, respectively.

This claim presupposes that early Christians were suspicious of Rome or feared Roman authority as a threat to their faith.

Well known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I ( 1914 – 15 ).

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

Roman control of Britain finally ended in the early part of the 5th century ; the date usually given as marking the end of Roman Britain is 410, when the Emperor Honorius sent letters to the British, urging them to look to their own defence.

Sources for events after this date are extremely scarce, but a tradition, reported as early as the mid-6th century by a British priest named Gildas, records that the British sent for help against the barbarians to Aetius, a Roman consul, probably in the late 440s.

Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Some Protestants feel that such claims of apostolic succession are proven false by the differences in traditions and doctrines between these churches: Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider both the Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox churches to be heretical, having been anathematized in the early ecumenical councils of Ephesus ( 431 ) and Chalcedon ( 451 ) respectively.

Among the most exciting recent archaeological discoveries in Greece is the recognition that the sanctuary site near the modern village of Kalapodi is not only the site of the oracle of Apollon at Abai but that it was in constant use for cult practices from early Mycenaean times to the Roman period.

There is evidence it was used as early as the Roman Imperial period, and as recently as the American Civil War.

This is the only evidence so far of a Roman city continuous with the early Christian one.

Nin was raised a Roman Catholic and spent her childhood and early life in Europe.

As the chief port of north-west Asia Minor, the place prospered greatly in Roman times, becoming a " free and autonomous city " as early as 188 BC, and the existing remains sufficiently attest its former importance.

Brass made during the early Roman period seems to have varied between 20 % to 28 % wt zinc.

Though associated with the Sassanid Persians and with Mithradates VI Eupator ( who for a time incorporated the city into his empire ), by the late Hellenistic or early Roman period, the star and crescent motif had been associated to some degree with Byzantium.

' Archaeological cultures ' in the early Roman period, c. mid C 1 A. D.

This early dating is centered on the preterist interpretation of chapter 17, where the seven heads of the " beast " are regarded as the succession of Roman emperors up to the time of the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD, Caligula through Vespasian.

Raised as a Roman Catholic, by his early adulthood Bartók had become an atheist.

Mostly popularist in a rococo style, the cartoons were completed early in his career, when he was largely unknown and actively seeking commissions.

As in painting, early Italian Mannerist sculpture was very largely an attempt to find an original style that would top the achievement of the High Renaissance, which in sculpture essentially meant Michelangelo, and much of the struggle to achieve this was played out in commissions to fill other places in the Piazza della Signoria in Florence, next to Michelangelo's David.

In the early 1930s, Prokofiev was starting to long for Russia again ; he moved more and more of his premieres and commissions to his home country from Paris.

His salary alone makes Jan van Eyck an exceptional figure among early Netherlandish painters, since most of them depended on individual commissions for their livelihoods.

Holbein's commissions in the early stages of his second English period included portraits of Lutheran merchants of the Hanseatic League.

Stone continued to garner major architectural commissions into the early 1970s.

Two major commissions at this period resulted in Poussin's early masterwork, the Barberini Death of Germanicus ( 1628 ), partly inspired by the reliefs of the Meleager sarcophagus, and the commission for St. Peter's that amounted to a public debut, the Martyrdom of St. Erasmus ( 1629, Vatican Pinacoteca ), indebted to designs on the same subject by the contemporary Baroque painter, Pietro da Cortona.

Her respectability and connections helped bring him badly needed commissions in the early 1890s.

According to at least one commentator, as many as ten percent of male Academy graduates in the late 1970s and early 1980s requested Army commissions, in part because of controversy over such issues.

Five commanding generals ( chiefs of staff after the 1903 reorganization ) of the United States Army held Engineer commissions early in their careers.

One of their early commissions was at Corsham Court in 1795-6.

Despite the initial fanfare, Strauss found his early years as a composer difficult, but he soon won over audiences after accepting commissions to perform away from home.

From the mid 1920s onwards Bliss moved more into the established English musical tradition, leaving behind the influence of Stravinsky and the French modernists, and in the words of the critic Frank Howes, " after early enthusiastic flirtations with aggressive modernism admitted to a romantic heart and given rein to its less and less inhibited promptings " He received two major commissions from American orchestras, the Introduction and Allegro ( 1926 ) for the Philadelphia Orchestra and Leopold Stokowski and Hymn to Apollo ( 1926 ) for the Boston Symphony and Pierre Monteux.

In the 1800s and early parts of the 1900s, many countries ( and some parts of the United States ) officially banned boxing, and occasionally the police ( usually when they felt their bribes were insufficient ) would step in to stop the unlawful bouts ( which, although unlawful, were still sanctioned by regional boxing commissions ).

Like Channel 4, S4C does not produce programmes of its own ; instead, it commissions programmes from BBC Cymru and independent producers ( although the quantity purchased from ITV Wales has greatly reduced since the early years of S4C ), and it has particularly developed a reputation for commissioning cartoons, such as SuperTed, Sam Tân ( which became Fireman Sam in its English version on the BBC ) and Shakespeare: The Animated Tales.

His future brother-in-law, Sebastiano Mainardi, assisted him with these commissions in Rome and in the early frescoes at San Gimignano.

These early masterpieces, novel for Venetian frescoes in their luminosity, brought him many commissions.

As early as 1767, Boydell had stopped engraving prints himself and began exclusively relying on commissions and trades and it was from these that he profited.

Wolcot provided invaluable encouragement, advice, tuition and practical help in the advancement of Opie's early career, including obtaining many commissions for work.

The Gabrielli Madonna obtained general admiration and by the early 1740s Batoni started to receive other independent commissions.

An early response from stakeholders is the call for reports, investigations and commissions into the price of fuels.

In addition to the core operatic repertoire, ENO has presented a wide range of works, from early operas by Monteverdi to new commissions, operetta and Broadway shows.

Major commissions in the early Burji period in Egypt included the complexes built by Barquq ( r. 1382 – 99 ), Faraj ( r. 1399 – 1412 ), Mu ’ ayyad Shaykh ( r. 1412 – 21 ), and Barsbay ( r. 1422 – 38 ).

About 40 paintings are now attributed to Eworth, among them portraits of Mary I and Elizabeth I. Eworth also executed decorative commissions for Elizabeth's Office of the Revels in the early 1570s.