When they lost control of Assyria itself, the name Syria survived and was applied only to the land of Aramea to the west, that had once been part of the Assyrian empire.

Venice's close mercantile links to the Byzantine empire resulted in the architecture of that city and its vicinity being a blend of Byzantine and northern Italian influences, although nothing from the ninth and tenth centuries has survived except for the foundations of the first St. Mark's Basilica.

Menander's empire survived him in a fragmented manner until the last Greek king Strato II disappeared around 10 AD.

The Roman Empire survived in the east until 1453, but the marginalization of the former heartland of Italy to the empire would have profound cultural impacts on the empire and the position of emperor.

Some of the territories gained after the war were likewise devastated: in Pomerania, only one third of the population survived, and Magdeburg, once among the wealthiest cities of the empire, was burned down with most of the population slain.

For more than eight centuries the “ Towers of Victory ” monuments to Afghanistan ’ s greatest empire have survived wars and invasions, the two toffee-colored minarets, adorned with terra-cotta tiles were raised in the early 12th century as monuments to the victories of the Afghan armies that built the empire.

The Tetrarchy was quickly abandoned as a system ( though the four quarters of the empire survived as praetorian prefectures ) in favour of two equal, territorial emperors, and the previous system of Emperors and Emperors-designate was restored, both in the Latin-speaking West and the Greek-speaking East.

The loss of 8000 troops to the Tang empire can be compared to a troop strength of more than 500, 000 before the Anshi rebellion According to Bartold, for the history of the first three centuries of Islam, al-Tabari was the chief source ( survived in Ibn al Athir's compilation ), which was brought down to 915.

Garrett is best known for the Lord Darcy books, the novel Too Many Magicians and two short story collections, set in an alternate world where a joint Anglo-French empire still led by a Plantagenet dynasty has survived into the twentieth century and where magic works and has been scientifically codified.

While the Hittite empire fell to the Sea Peoples during the Bronze Age collapse, Carchemish survived the Sea People's attacks to continue to be the capital of an important Neo-Hittite kingdom in the Iron Age, and a trading center.

When they lost control of Assyria itself to the Parthians, the name Syria survived and was applied only to the land west of Euphrates, that had once been part of the Assyrian empire, while inner Assyria went back to being called Assyria.

During the reign of emperor Sarsa Dengel the Jewish kingdom was invaded and the forces of the Ethiopian empire besieged the kingdom, the Jews survived the siege, but at the end of the siege the King Goshen was executed and many of his soldiers as well as many other Beta Israel members committed mas suicides.

In 1521 Cortés defeated the Aztec empire in Mesoamerica, which was followed by a large influx of Spanish clergy, whose writings provide most of information about pre-conquest Aztec life and customs largely assembled from interviews with those who survived the invasion and subsequent epidemics, and their descendents.

A few portraits painted on glass and medals from the later empire have survived, as have coin portraits, some of which are considered very realistic as well.

Although there were many equestrian imperial statues, they rarely survived because it was practice to melt down bronze statues for reuse as coin or new sculptures in the late empire.

So long as the Austro-Hungarian empire survived, whole and thriving, this goal was not particularly unrealistic.

The Sorcerer Kings sent a deluge of sand to turn the fertile empire of Quarzhasaat into a desert, although the city itself survived in isolation.

Serbian independence survived him for only another year, when the Ottoman empire formally annexed his lands following dissension among his widow and three remaining sons.

In 1761, the empire broke into smaller Maratha kingdoms that survived till they were eventually subdued by the British East India Company.

The emirate survived the Fulani attacks of Usman dan Fodio's jihad in the early 19th century and never became part of the Fulani empire of Sokoto.

Due to the troubled times the empire was enduring, he had by far the greatest number of rebellions against him of all the Byzantine emperors.

Andrew's first mission to the East was when he was asked by the French king Louis IX to go and fetch the Crown of Thorns which had been sold to him by the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin II in 1238, who was anxious to obtain support for his tottering empire.

Another important example is the Tawagalawa Letter written by an unnamed Hittite king ( most probably Hattusili III ) of the empire period ( 14th-13th century BC ) to the king of Ahhiyawa, treating him as an equal and suggesting that Miletus ( Millawanda ) was under his control.

" Under the persistence of the brethren who told him, " Emperor Constantine loves the church ," he accepted to write him a letter blessing him, and praying for the peace and safety of the empire and the church.

By the time Esther was written, the foreign power visible on the horizon as a future threat to Judah was the Macedonians of Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persian empire about 150 years after the time of the story of Esther ; the Septuagint version noticeably calls Haman a " bully " ( βουγαῖον ) where the Hebrew text describes him as an Agagite.

In 351, as a consequence of the difficulty of managing the entire empire alone, Constantius elevated his cousin Constantius Gallus, the eldest surviving son of Constantius ' half-uncle, Julius Constantius, to the subordinate rank of Caesar, but had him executed three years later after receiving scathing reports of his cousin's violent and corrupt nature.

One of them said that all the women in the empire would hear that " The King Xerxes commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she came not.

Though Alexander's empire did not outlive him, it did result in the spread of Hellenism across the Mediterranean and Middle East.

The Empire, named after him, would prevail as a world empire for over six centuries.

His son Osman expanded the principality ; the empire and the people were named " Ottomans " by Europeans after him.

Gregory ’ s opposition to iconoclasm did not stop him lending support to the eastern empire to help in the recapture of Ravenna after it had fallen to the Lombards in around 738.

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy ; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire .... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth son of Henry VI, Philip Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI, and Otto Brunswick, of the Welf family, so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election ...... Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful .... On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire ; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all .... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides ..... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured.

However, the campaign was made redundant by Burebista's overthrow and death in the same year, after which his Getan empire fragmented into 4, later 5 independent petty kingdoms.

In the early decades of the 19th century, it became clear to the British that the major threat to their interests in India would not come from the fragmented Afghan empire, the Iranians, or the French, but from the Russians, who had already begun a steady advance southward from the Caucasus.

However, by this time the empire has already partially fragmented.

His empire fragmented as infighting among his successors wrecked Milan, partly through his division of his lands among both legitimate and illegitimate heirs.

The Mongol Empire reached its largest extent by 1279, considered the largest contiguous empire in history, composed of 35 million km² ( 13. 8 million miles² ) of territory stretched across the continent, though the empire was already fragmented by this time.

Although Isan is not thought to have been a part of the Sukhothai kingdom due to the lack of clear evidence, the Khmer empire became weaker and retreated to its Cambodian heartlands, leaving Isan in the hands of fragmented muang () city-states or statelets.

Soon after Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BCE, his empire fragmented, and local kings declared their independence, leaving several smaller disunited satraps.

However, it was the rivalry between Tolui's own sons, Kublai and Ariq Boke, that fragmented the power of the empire and set the western khanates against each other in the early 1260s.

His empire was vast, but was only a loose framework, which fragmented soon after his death.

The Green Standard Army was extremely fragmented, with literally thousands of large and small outposts throughout the empire, many with as few as twelve men.

In this world system political and economic affairs of different empires were fragmented and empires " provided for most of their own needs ... their influence solely through conquest or the threat of conquest ..." The Dictionary of Human Geography defines imperialism as " The creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.

Under the rule of the Palaiologoi, the fragmented empire still claimed descent from the Roman Empire, but began to focus more on the empire's Greek heritage.

The empire was split into two halves, of which the western soon fragmented into smaller units.