In the late 1970s, fiction that included a sexual relationship between two of the male characters of the media source ( first Kirk / Spock, then later Starsky / Hutch, Napoleon / Illya, and many others ) started to appear in zines.

* Diplomacy ( game ) ( first non-public-domain game known to be played by mail ; first game to generate a broad hobby of postal gaming zines )

This could be considered the first zine, since it captures the essence of the philosophy and meaning of zines.

Jerod Pore collected articles and reviews from the print version of Factsheet Five, and with them produced Factsheet Five-Electric, one of the first zines to use the Usenet newsgroup alt. zines.

Milwaukee Yippies published Street Sheet, the first of the anarchist zines later to become so popular in many cities.

The first issue was released in 1985, with a manifesto entitled " Don't Be Gay " published in the fanzine Maximum RocknRoll following soon after ; inspiring, among many other zines, Holy Titclamps, edited by Larry-bob, Homocore by Tom Jennings and Deke Nihilson, Donna Dresch's Chainsaw, and Outpunk by Matt Wobensmith, these last two later functioning as music labels.

Punk zines were produced in many European countries in the years after the first productions for example the first appeared in Ireland in March 1977.

Other notable zines include Hype ( a pre-eminent graffiti magazine with a worldwide following through the late 1980s and 1990s ) it was the first full colour graffiti magazine in the world, Zest, Raptanite, Arfek, Damn Kids, Artillery, Blitzkrieg, Slingshot and others.

The genre has been revitalized in the past 40 years by the widespread availability of first mimeograph technology, then low-cost copy centers and digital printing, and by the cultural revolutions spurred by both zines and poetry slams, the latter generating hundreds upon hundreds of self-published chapbooks that are used to fund tours.

Boxes and Arrows was the first online magazine aimed exclusively at working practitioner designers, and has inspired a host of other excellent online ' zines, from UXmatters to Johnny Holland.

Their first record, Terrible Things Happen was released in 1998, receiving glowing reviews in CMJ, The Big Takeover, and numerous indie pop zines, earning enough of a following to generate a tour of Japan in April 1999.

Its first title was Pavement's own Pavement Pizza, and it soon began selling British small press comics and zines on marts in Brighton and Hove, and importing books from the US, Australia and Europe.

At first they were only feathers and dark indistinguishable faces and bodies, hunched over their horses' heads.

Two of the new hands, a Mexican named Jose Amado and a kid known only as Laredo, were picked for the first trick of riding night herd.

After the first two murders, the warning notes were rarely ignored.

Even the knowledge that she was losing another boy, as a mother always does when a marriage is made, did not prevent her from having the first carefree, dreamless sleep that she had known since they dropped down the canyon and into Bear Valley, way, way back there when they were crossing those other mountains.

Out of compulsion to say something cheery, Ben Prime blurted, `` Well, we were lucky to be on soft ground when the first floodheads hit.

His political opponent and lifetime friend, Thomas Jefferson, achieved immortality through his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, but equally notable were the legal and constitutional reforms he instituted in his native Virginia, his role as father of our territorial system, and his acquisition of the Louisiana Territory during his first term as President.

This is the primary function of the imagination operating in the absence of the original experiential stimulus by which the images were first appropriated.

Before being daughter, wife, or mother, before being cultured ( a word now bereft both socially and politically of the sheen you children of frontiersmen bestowed on it ), before being sorry for the poor, progressive about public health, and prettily if somewhat imprecisely humanitarian, indeed first and foremost, you were a lady.

Even the first wave of homesickness had passed, although there were moments when Captain Heard pointed out on his compass the direction of Bradford that she felt a little twinge at her heart.

When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.

The evening of our first day we drove with Christopher and Judy Sakellariadis, who were friends and patients of Norton, to dine at a restaurant on the shores of the Aegean.

So persistent were these attacks that in March of the following year, Woodruff was finally moved to action, and Pike was to learn his first lesson in frontier politics, the subtle art of diversion.

In the next few months of comparative silence, Pike waited patiently until conditions were perfect for a new attack, and then, displaying a remarkable grasp of the subtleties of political infighting, gained from his first bout with Woodruff, he used these changed conditions to excellent advantage.

Although this kind of wholesale objection came at first from some men who were not technically Puritans, still, once the Puritans gained power, they climaxed the affair by passing the infamous ordinance of 1642 which decreed that all `` public stage-plays shall cease and be forborne ''.

Our first impression of the data was that the students were surprisingly orthodox and religiously involved.

But all the reports of this first embassy show that the two Savoyards were the heads of it, for they were the only ones who were empowered to swear for the king that he would abide by the pope's decision and who were allowed to appoint deputies in the event that one was unavoidably absent.

the Low Countries, where the Middle Ages were to last for another two centuries and die out only when Charles the Bold of Burgundy met his first defeat in the fields and forests below the walls of Grandson.

It was the first American war in which the death rate from disease was lower than that from battle, due to the provision of trained medical personnel ( of the 200,000 officers, 42,000 were physicians ), compulsory vaccination, rigorous camp sanitation, and adequate hospital facilities.

There were several men of ninety or more whom I knew first or last, all of whom were still productive and most of whom knew one another as if they had naturally come together at the apex of their lives.

It met a serious rebuff in New Orleans, where the two schools selected for the first moves toward integration were boycotted by white parents.

These microfossils indicate the swamp was `` formed during the Lower Cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing.

Ace printed the first paperback edition and caused such a furor that Tolkien rewrote the books enough to get a new copyright, then sold them to Ballantine.

" Leaf by Niggle " is a short story written by J. R. R. Tolkien in 1938 – 39 and first published in the Dublin Review in January 1945.

Many editions of the latter work, first published in 1975, shortly after his death, list Tolkien on the cover as author rather than translator.

Tolkien saw the idea of animism as closely linked to the emergence of human language and myth: "... The first men to talk of ' trees and stars ' saw things very differently.

Tolkien is credited with being the first critic to expound on Beowulf as a literary work with value beyond merely historical, and his 1936 lecture Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics is still required reading for students of Anglo-Saxon.

In 1969 ( over 30 years after first publication ), Tolkien sold the film and merchandising rights to The Hobbit to United Artists under an agreement stipulating a lump sum payment of £ 10, 000 plus a 7. 5 % royalty after costs, payable to Allen & Unwin and the author.

* The following samples presumably predate the Lord of the Rings, but they were not explicitly dated: DTS 16, DTS 17, DTS 18 – Elvish Script Sample I, II, III, with parts of the English poems Errantry and Bombadil, first published in the Silmarillion Calendar 1978, later in Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien, as well as DTS 23 – So Lúthien, a page of the English Lay of Leithan text facsimiled in The Lays of Beleriand: 299.

* J. R. R. Tolkien begins writing The Book of Lost Tales ( the first version of The Silmarillion ); thus Middle-earth is first chronicled this year.

J. R. R. Tolkien began to construct his first Elfin tongue c. 1910 – 1911 while he was at the King Edward's School, Birmingham.

* Naffarin was the first language Tolkien constructed by himself during his adolescence ; only one sentence remains which shows a Spanish affinity.

Notably, Tolkien claimed that this was not his first effort in invented languages.

Frodo becomes in some ways the symbolic representation of the conscience of Hobbits, a point made explicitly in the story " Leaf by Niggle " which Tolkien wrote at the same time as the first nine chapters of The Lord of the Rings.

Ilmandur was discarded at once, but the fate of others remained fluid for some time ; Christopher Tolkien assumed that at first it was the son of Isildur that should have inherited the kingship, but was refused the entry into his city due to Sauron's machinations and went to the north.

At first Tolkien decided to move Minas Morgul northward, in order to combine its functions with the two towers that guarded the only passage into the Land of Shadow, but almost immediately he restored the older conception and introduced a secret pass above Minas Morgul.

Later that year Tolkien began the chapters dealing with central Gondor, and in his sketches first appear the beacons of Anórien, " immense concentric walls " of Minas Tirith, the idea that Aragorn would come to Minas Tirith passing south of the White Mountains, and the towns of Erech and Pelargir.

While working upon the " Homeric catalogue ", as he called it, of the reinforcements coming to Minas Tirith, Tolkien devised the names Lossarnach, Anfalas, Lamedon and Pinnath Gelin, all of which appear on a new version of the map in final locations with the exception of Lamedon, first placed in northern Lebennin and later moved westward.

Christopher Tolkien gathered that originally his father imagined only two or three centuries between the first fall of Sauron and the War of the Ring, foreseeing no complicated events to have happened during this time.

The notion that the Third Age lasted " about 3000 years " was first written down when Tolkien began to sketch out the history of Númenor and Westlands.

The Ainulindalë ( Quenya, " Music of the Ainur ") is the first part of the fantasy work The Silmarillion by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Smith of Wootton Major, first published in 1967, is a novella by J. R. R. Tolkien.

Although he had been an undergraduate at Exeter College, J. R. R. Tolkien was a Fellow of Pembroke from 1925 to 1945, and wrote The Hobbit and the first two books of The Lord of the Rings during his time there.

In addition to ideas taken from Arthurian myth, the first edition also incorporated elements of J. R. R. Tolkien including hobbits and balrogs.

Christopher Tolkien included the name in The Shaping of Middle-earth because the first mention of the Second Prophecy of Mandos was placed there but Tolkien did not mention the existence of a Prophecy in the text published in Unfinished Tales.