A sense of self-certainty and the freedom to experiment with different roles, or confidence in one's own unique behavior as an alternative to peer-group conformity, is more easily developed during adolescence if, during early childhood, the individual was permitted to exercise initiative and encouraged to develop some autonomy.

The most fertile time of socialization is usually the early stages of life, during which individuals develop the skills and knowledge and learn the roles necessary to function within their culture and social environment.

In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs.

He believed that not all learned individuals were qualified to doctor others, and while ministers took on several roles in the early years of the colony, including that of caring for the sick, they were now expected to stay out of state and civil affairs.

In the modern wilderness preservation movement, important philosophical roles are played by the writings of John Muir who had been activist in the late 19th and early 20th century.

Feminist historical theologians study the roles of women in periods throughout history that have impacted religion: the Biblical period, the early Christian era, medieval Europe, and any period of import to a particular religion.

Bogart loathed the trivial, effeminate parts he had to play early in his career, calling them " White Pants Willie " roles.

Indeed one of the main roles of the bishops in the early Church was to determine and retain important correct beliefs, and refute contrarian opinions, known as heresies.

Some of Spacey's early roles include a widowed eccentric millionaire on L. A. Law, the television miniseries The Murder of Mary Phagan ( 1988 ), opposite Lemmon, and the Richard Pryor / Gene Wilder – starring comedy See No Evil, Hear No Evil ( 1989 ).

As early as 1914, Sennet shifted the Keystone Cops from starring roles to background ensemble, in support of comedians like Charlie Chaplin and Fatty Arbuckle.

When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack of knowledge about lesbianism or women's sexuality, they distinguished lesbians as women who did not adhere to female gender roles and designated them mentally ill.

Actresses appeared as men in male roles because of plot devices as early as 1914 in A Florida Enchantment featuring Edith Storey.

In addition to Westerns and the science fiction films, three of his early major roles were in noir films, Kansas City Confidential of 1952, Vice Squad of 1953, and The Big Combo of 1955.

Other contributions include his early work on the economic history of Roman agrarian society ( 1891 ) and on the labour relations in Eastern Germany ( 1892 ), his analysis of the history of commercial partnerships in the Middle Ages ( 1889 ), his critique of Marxism, the discussion of the roles of idealism and materialism in the history of capitalism in his Economy and Society ( 1922 ) and his General Economic History ( 1923 ), a notable example of the kind of empirical work associated with the German Historical School.

In the 20th century, early portrayals of Native Americans in movies and television roles were first performed by European Americans dressed in mock traditional attire.

He took note of and encouraged the young Lester Pearson in the early 1930s, and appointed Pearson to significant roles on two major government inquiries: the 1931 Royal Commission on Grain Futures, and the 1934 Royal Commission on Price Spreads.

She had better luck at other studios in Hollywood, appearing in supporting roles in a string of films, including Abe Lincoln in Illinois ( as Mary Todd Lincoln ), Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet ( as Mrs. Ehrlich ) and Action in the North Atlantic, in the early 1940s.

The roles of century leader ( later formalised as a centurion ), second in command and standard bearer are referenced in this early period.

In early 2010, the B-2 Spirit and B-52 Stratofortress bomber force was also reassigned to AFGSC, while the B-1 Lancer bomber force remained in ACC due to the B-1's removal from the nuclear strike mission and reassignment to conventional roles only.

" In conjunction with the growing feminist movement of the early 1970s, roles of butch and femme that developed in lesbian bars in the 1950s and 1960s were rejected, because as one writer put it: " all role playing is sick ".

The character later known as the Yellow Kid had minor supporting roles in the strip's early panels.

As parents are present in a child's life from the beginning, their influence in a child's early socialization is very important, especially in regards to gender roles.

He came back to Hollywood in the early 1950s, specializing in tough roles.

Ford soon dropped the " J " and worked for Universal Studios, playing minor roles in many television series throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, including Gunsmoke, Ironside, The Virginian, The F. B. I., Love, American Style, and Kung Fu.

Lewis continued doing work in small films in the 1990s, most notably his supporting roles in 1994's Arizona Dream and 1995's Funny Bones.

Her subsequent roles in the 1990s and 2000s included Open Your Eyes ( 1997 ), The Hi-Lo Country ( 1999 ), The Girl of Your Dreams ( 2000 ) and Woman on Top ( 2000 ).

Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964 ) is an American and Academy Award winning actress and producer who rose to fame in the 1990s after roles in successful films such as Demolition Man, Speed, The Net, Hope Floats, A Time to Kill, and While You Were Sleeping.

In television, service in Vietnam was part of the backstory of many characters in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in police or detective roles.

By the 1990s, Hauer was as well known for his humorous appearances in Guinness commercials as for his screen roles, which had increasingly involved low-budget films, including Split Second, which was set in a flooded London after global warming ; Omega Doom, another post-apocalyptic story in which he plays a soldier-robot ; and New World Disorder, opposite Tara FitzGerald.

She rose to prominence during the 1990s with roles in the movies The Mask, My Best Friend's Wedding and There's Something About Mary.

By the end of the 1990s, Judd had managed to achieve significant fame and success as a leading actress, after leading roles in several thrillers that performed well at the box office, including Kiss the Girls in 1997 and 1999's Double Jeopardy.

In the 1990s and 2000s, Asian actors Chow Yun-fat, Jet Li, and Jackie Chan appeared in a number of different types of action films, and US actors Wesley Snipes and Vin Diesel both had many roles.

In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining those dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices.

The 1990s brought Ford the role of Jack Ryan in Tom Clancy's Patriot Games ( 1992 ) and Clear and Present Danger ( 1994 ), as well as leading roles in Alan Pakula's Presumed Innocent ( 1990 ) and The Devil's Own ( 1997 ), Andrew Davis ' The Fugitive ( 1993 ), Sydney Pollack's remake of Sabrina ( 1995 ), and Wolfgang Petersen's Air Force One ( 1997 ).

Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, DiCaprio started his career by appearing in television commercials prior to landing recurring roles in TV series such as the soap opera Santa Barbara and the sitcom Growing Pains in the early 1990s.

Nielsen's performance in the films Forbidden Planet and The Poseidon Adventure received positive reviews as a serious actor, although he is primarily known for his comedic roles during the 1980s and the early 1990s.

This role, as a romantic heroine, was to color the direction of many of her subsequent roles in the late 1990s.

In the early 1990s, Sarandon received three more Academy Award nominations for her roles in Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ), Lorenzo's Oil ( 1992 ) and The Client ( 1994 ).

Swoosie Kurtz and Mildred Natwick ( in her final film ) appeared in supporting roles, as did young relatively unknown actors Keanu Reeves and Uma Thurman, both of whom would go on to achieve fame in the 1990s, with starring roles in Speed ( 1994 ) and Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) respectively.

In the early 1990s, Ringwald reportedly turned down the female lead roles in Pretty Woman and Ghost.

The 1990s would prove to be his most prolific decade as an actor as more and more directors offered him roles.

NuBus appears to have seen little use outside these roles, and when Apple switched to PCI in the mid 1990s, NuBus quickly disappeared.

A prolific actor, some of Sutherland's better-known roles in the 1980s and 1990s were in the South African apartheid drama A Dry White Season ( 1989 ), alongside Marlon Brando and Susan Sarandon ; as an incarcerated pyromaniac in the firefighter thriller Backdraft ( 1989 ) alongside Kurt Russell and Robert De Niro, Lock Up ( 1991 ) with Sylvester Stallone ; and as the snobbish NYC art dealer in Six Degrees of Separation ( 1993 ), with Stockard Channing and Will Smith.

Giamatti began his career as a supporting actor in several films produced during the 1990s including Private Parts, The Truman Show, Saving Private Ryan, The Negotiator, and Man on the Moon before earning lead roles in several projects in the 2000s including American Splendor, Sideways, Cinderella Man, The Illusionist, John Adams, Cold Souls, Barney's Version, and Win Win.

Giamatti performed in numerous theatrical productions, including Broadway and a stint from 1989 to 1992 with Seattle's Annex Theater, before appearing in some small television and film roles in the early 1990s.

During the 1990s, his roles became much smaller, due to the fact that Oz had turned his focus to directing non-Muppet films and reduced his time with the Muppets.

Coburn finally returned to film in the 1990s and appeared in supporting roles in Young Guns II, Hudson Hawk, Sister Act 2, Maverick, Eraser, The Nutty Professor, Affliction, and Payback.