The Arrhenius definition of acid – base reactions is a development of the hydrogen theory of acids, devised by Svante Arrhenius, which was used to provide a modern definition of acids and bases that followed from his work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution in 1884, and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for " recognition of the extraordinary services ... rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation ".

It is also concerned with establishing predictions for mechanical behaviour ( on the continuum mechanical scale ) based on the micro-or nanostructure of the material, e. g. the molecular size and architecture of polymers in solution or the particle size distribution in a solid suspension.

Searching for a quick and accessible solution to their problem, William Medill the commissioner of Indian Affairs, proposed establishing “ colonies ” or “ reservations ” that would be exclusive to the natives, mimicking those which the natives had created for themselves in the east.

Part of James's solution was to create an assembly of abbots and followed this up by establishing a Carthusian priory at Perth to provide an example of internal disicipline to other religious houses.

His solution contained a gap, which Cauchy considered minor, though this was not patched until the work of Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel, who published a proof in 1824, thus establishing the Abel – Ruffini theorem.

In official publications the movement claims that " the partition between Right-wing and Left-wing is anachronistic "; it holds " dovish " political opinions and believes in the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing an independent and demilitarized Palestinian state ( see two-state solution ).

The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which arose as Germany attempted to prevent France from establishing a protectorate over Morocco.

His many achievements include work on planetary orbits, measuring the mean density of the Earth, a method of solution of two-dimensional problems in solid mechanics and, in his role as Astronomer Royal, establishing Greenwich as the location of the prime meridian.

Another simple solution is achieved by assigning a partial order to the resources ( the forks, in this case ), and establishing the convention that all resources will be requested in order, and released in reverse order, and that no two resources unrelated by order will ever be used by a single unit of work at the same time.

In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a section of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture.

In May 1939 the British government released a new policy paper which sought to implement a one-state solution in Palestine, significantly reduced the number of Jewish immigrants allowed to enter Palestine by establishing a quota for Jewish immigration which was set by the British government in the short-term and which would be set by the Arab leadership in the long-term.

Wiping out Zionism from Palestine and establishing one Palestinian democratic state on all the territories of historical Palestine is the only solution that will guarantee peace for all, in equality.

In 1885, Wilhelm Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the principle of tissue culture.

But while the Arab side was re-adjusting its position, the two-state solution was dealt a heavy blow as Israel ( in the 1980s ) and subsequently the powerful, semi-autonomous settlement movement ( in the 1990s and thereafter ), implemented the controversial policy of Jewish settlements in the territories, establishing " facts on the ground " while keeping open the question of the Palestinians ' long-term fate.

He also re-established the diplomatic relations with Peru in 1906, in order to move ahead on the solution of the Tacna and Arica controversy ; and gave the first impulse to establishing a claim to Antarctica, by issuing a law regimenting seal-hunting there.

Since she says: " No one really believes a scientific assertion in economics based on statistical significance " the solution she proposes to establishing cause and effect in economics is " calibrated simulation ".

To provide a medium-term solution to the pilot shortage, Rex announced that it was establishing a cadet-pilot flight-training programme.

1740-February 26, 1793 ) was a German chemist and metallurgist who determined the reaction rates of various chemicals, establishing, for example, that the amount of metal that dissolves in an acid is proportional to the concentration of acid in the solution.

These projectors would slavishly write according to the rules of rhetoric that they had learned in school by stating the case, establishing that they have no interest in the outcome, and then offering a solution before enumerating the profits of the plan.

In 1885 Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the principle of tissue culture which would later be taken up by Ross Granville Harrison and Paul Alfred Weiss.

Daquin's solution, 0. 5 % sodium or potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7 – 8, or 0. 5 – 1 % solution of sodium benzenesulfochloramide ( chloramine B )), some

This gives the full " infinite bounce " solution for B directly.

Using the example of a solution of two liquids, A and B, if no other gases are present, then the total vapor pressure p above the solution is equal to the weighted sum of the " pure " vapor pressures of the two components, p < sub > A </ sub > and p < sub > B </ sub >.

Thus the total pressure above solution of A and B would be

For a solution to be ideal we must assume that it does not matter whether a molecule A has another A as neighbor or a B molecule.

The solution in cylindrical coordinates was then extended to the optical regime by Joseph B. Keller, who introduced the notion of diffraction coefficients through his geometrical theory of diffraction ( GTD ).

As in many mathematical puzzles, finding a solution is made easier by solving a slightly more general problem: how to move a tower of h ( h = height ) disks from a starting peg A ( f = from ) onto a destination peg C ( t = to ), B being the remaining third peg and assuming t ≠ f.

A typical reaction with dissolution involves a weak base, B, dissolving in an acidic aqueous solution.

Boric acid, B ( OH )< sub > 3 </ sub >, while sometimes indicated as dissociating in aqueous solution,

For an exact solution, the value of μ at the B value used must be obtained from the core material hysteresis curve.

Question: How can Race A best and most quickly promote the development of Race B ?” Gilman ’ s solution was that all blacks beneath “ a certain grade of citizenship ” — those who were not

A = Solution or suspension to be dried in, B = Atomization gas in, 1 = Drying gas in, 2 = Heating of drying gas, 3 = Spraying of solution or suspension, 4 = Drying chamber, 5 = Part between drying chamber and cyclone, 6 = Cyclone, 7 = Drying gas is taken away, 8 = Collection vessel of product, arrows mean that this is co-current lab-spraydryer

Finally, the equation for R has solutions of the form ; requiring the solution to be regular throughout R < sup > 3 </ sup > forces B = 0.

A = Solution or suspension to be dried in, B = Atomization gas in, 1 = Drying gas in, 2 = Heating of drying gas, 3 = Spraying of solution or suspension, 4 = Drying chamber, 5 = Part between drying chamber and cyclone, 6 = Cyclone, 7 = Drying gas is taken away, 8 = Collection vessel of product, arrows mean that this is co-current lab-spraydryer

The demethylation of Methylene Blue in aqueous solution using heat and alkali produces a mixture of Azure A, Azure B, Methylene Violet and Methylene Blue.

This attempt at a solution fails: It allows the system to reach a deadlock state in which each philosopher has picked up the fork to the left, waiting for the fork to the right to be put down — which never happens, because A ) each right fork is another philosopher's left fork, and no philosopher will put down that fork until s / he eats, and B ) no philosopher can eat until s / he acquires the fork to his / her own right, which has already been picked up by the philosopher to his / her right as described above.

if philosopher B sees that A is not eating, then turns and looks at C, A could begin eating while B looks at C. This solution avoids this problem by using a single mutual exclusion lock.

In one solution, quark A is heavier than quark B.

The Arrhenius definition states that acids are substances which increase the concentration of hydronium ions ( H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >) in solution.

First plutonium-239 nitrate (< sup > 239 </ sup > PuNO < sub > 3 </ sub >) solution was coated on a platinum foil of about 0. 5 cm < sup > 2 </ sup > area, the solution was evaporated and the residue was converted into plutonium dioxide ( PuO < sub > 2 </ sub >) by annealing.

As an example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed, because the polynomial equation x < sup > 2 </ sup > + 1 = 0 has no solution in real numbers, even though all its coefficients ( 1 and 0 ) are real.

The fully neutral form ( structure ( 1 ) on the right ) is a very minor species in aqueous solution throughout the pH range ( less than 1 part in 10 < sup > 7 </ sup >).

Reaction with concentrated, hot KMnO < sub > 4 </ sub > ( or other oxidizing salts ) in an acidic solution will yield ketones or carboxylic acids.

A 1. 0 % agar / 0. 44 % MS + vitamin dH < sub > 2 </ sub > O solution is suitable for growth media between normal growth temps.

First, americium (< sup > 241 </ sup > Am ) nitrate solution was coated on a platinum foil, the solution was evaporated and the residue converted by annealing to americium dioxide ( AmO < sub > 2 </ sub >).

The leaching of CuFeS < sub > 2 </ sub > follows the two stages of being dissolved and then further oxidised, with Cu < sup > 2 +</ sup > ions being left in solution.

The dissolved copper ( Cu < sup > 2 +</ sup >) ions are removed from the solution by ligand exchange solvent extraction, which leaves other ions in the solution.

The solution type ( e. g., integer or non-integer ) and normalization of J < sub > α </ sub >( x ) are defined by its properties below.

Y < sub > α </ sub >( x ) is necessary as the second linearly independent solution of the Bessel's equation when α is an integer.

Like all metal cations, Cs < sup >+</ sup > forms complexes with Lewis bases in solution.

When the partial pressure of is reduced, for example when a can of soda is opened, the equilibrium for each of the forms of carbonate ( carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbonic acid ) shifts until the concentration of in the solution is equal to the solubility of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > at that temperature and pressure.

Another disadvantage of saline aquifers is that as the salinity of the water increases, less CO < sub > 2 </ sub > can be dissolved into aqueous solution.

Carboxylic acids are typically weak acids, meaning that they only partially dissociate into H < sup >+</ sup > cations and RCOO < sup >–</ sup > anions in neutral aqueous solution.