Legislation must conform to a theory of legitimacy, which describes the circumstances under which a particular person or group is entitled to make law, and a theory of legislative justice, which describes the law they are entitled or obliged to make.

In regards to equity theory, researchers have found that certain forms of fairness or justice are able to better predict OCBs than others.

Aristotle's theory of justice is bound up in his idea of the golden mean.

His longest discussion of his theory of justice occurs in Nicomachean Ethics and begins by asking what sort of mean a just act is.

The law of retaliation ( lex talionis ) is a military theory of retributive justice, which says that reciprocity should be equal to the wrong suffered ; " life for life, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

For advocates of the theory that justice is part of natural law ( e. g., John Locke ), it involves the system of consequences that naturally derives from any action or choice.

Rawls asks us to imagine ourselves behind a veil of ignorance that denies us all knowledge of our personalities, social statuses, moral characters, wealth, talents and life plans, and then asks what theory of justice we would choose to govern our society when the veil is lifted, if we wanted to do the best that we could for ourselves.

Rawls argues that each of us would reject the utilitarian theory of justice that we should maximize welfare ( see below ) because of the risk that we might turn out to be someone whose own good is sacrificed for greater benefits for others.

On the basis of this theory of distributive justice, Nozick argues that all attempts to redistribute goods according to an ideal pattern, without the consent of their owners, are theft.

The main change that Christian thought brought was to moderate the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, and emphasize the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example.

* John Rawls: Revitalized the study of normative political philosophy in Anglo-American universities with his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, which uses a version of social contract theory to answer fundamental questions about justice and to criticise utilitarianism.

Soon afterwards, in lectures on criminal jurisprudence he set forth his famous theory, that in administering justice judges should be strictly limited in their decisions by the penal code.

From the late 2000s on, a Theory of Active Peace has been proposed which conceptually integrates justice into a larger peace theory.

" Based in Marxist theory, critical pedagogy draws on radical democracy, anarchism, feminism, and other movements for social justice.

However, rule utilitarianism proposes a more central role for rules that was thought to rescue the theory from some of its more devastating criticisms, particularly problems to do with justice and promise keeping.

Kelly argued in his book, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law, Bentham had a theory of justice that prevented such consequences.

They develop a social justice theory that answers some of these questions in concrete settings.

The student movement involved such celebrated figures as John Lewis, a single-minded activist ; James Lawson, the revered " guru " of nonviolent theory and tactics ; Diane Nash, an articulate and intrepid public champion of justice ; Bob Moses, pioneer of voting registration in Mississippi ; and James Bevel, a fiery preacher and charismatic organizer and facilitator.

Distributive justice theory argues that societies have a duty to individuals in need and that all individuals have duties to help others in need.

The theory of procedural justice is controversial, with a variety of views about what makes a procedure fair.

Based on social identity theory and relational models of procedural justice, this model suggests that a group's procedural justice process influences members ' identification with the group, which in turn influences their type of engagement within the group.

In this connection, it might be noted that the theory of games was a mathematical discovery long before its uses in political science were exploited.

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy ( theory of the three harmonies: heaven, earth and man ) and uses concepts such as yin and yang, the Five phases, the 10 Celestial stems, the 12 Earthly Branches, and shichen ( 時辰 a form of timekeeping used for religious purposes ).

Protestants have objected that this theory is not explicitly found in Scripture and the New Testament uses ' bishop ' and ' presbyter ' as alternative names for the same office.

In the sense of this article, a naive theory is a non-formalized theory, that is, a theory that uses a natural language to describe sets.

* Critical Legal Thinking A Critical Legal Studies website which uses critical theory in an analysis of law and politics.

A system can be mechanical, electrical, fluid, chemical, financial and even biological, and the mathematical modeling, analysis and controller design uses control theory in one or many of the time, frequency and complex-s domains, depending on the nature of the design problem.

* Critical Legal Thinking A Critical Legal Studies website which uses critical theory in an analysis of law and politics.

Econometric theory uses statistical theory to evaluate and develop econometric methods.

American scholar David Bordwell has spoken against many prominent developments film theory since the 1970s, i. e., he uses the humorously derogatory term " SLAB theory " to refer to film studies based on the ideas of Saussure, Lacan, Althusser, and / or Barthes.

An easier to state version of the theorem uses graph theory.

Gudo Wafu Nishijima uses his theory of Three philosophies and one reality to explain his interpretation of the Four Noble Truths.

It has numerous uses in convex geometry, optimization theory, and economics.

An approach loosely based on Information theory uses a brain-as-computer model.

Robinson's approach, called non-standard analysis, uses technical machinery from mathematical logic to create a theory of hyperreal numbers that interpret infinitesimals in a manner that allows a Leibniz-like development of the usual rules of calculus.

Rushton's book Race, Evolution, and Behavior ( 1995 ) uses r / K selection theory to explain how East Asians consistently average high, blacks low, and whites in the middle on an evolutionary scale of characteristics indicative of nurturing behavior.

Wilson ( one of the two co-founders of the r / K selection theory which Rushton uses ) was quoted as having said about him:

Knots have been the subject of interest for their ancient origins, their common uses, and the area of mathematics known as knot theory.

Marx uses his LTV to derive his theory of exploitation under capitalism.

On the other hand, the Standard Model of Particle physics uses quantum field theory to describe all interactions.

The mathematical field of category theory uses many formal axiomatic methods, and includes the study of categorical logic, but category theory is not ordinarily considered a subfield of mathematical logic.