Richard and his retainers had been travelling in disguise as low-ranking pilgrims, but he was identified either because he was wearing an expensive ring, or because of his insistence on eating roast chicken, an aristocratic delicacy.

Malcolm's successor, his brother Donald Bán, drove out the English and French retainers who had risen high in Malcolm's service and had thus aroused the jealousy of the existing Scottish aristocracy.

The sayings of Sengoku-period retainers and warlords such as Kato Kiyomasa and Nabeshima Naoshige were generally recorded or passed down to posterity around the turn of the 16th century when Japan had entered a period of relative peace.

While his father had frequently confiscated church property to reward his followers and to pay for the standing army that had brought him victory at Tours, ( a policy supported by Boniface as necessary to defend Christianity ) by 742 the Carolingians were wealthy enough to pay their military retainers and still support the Church.

The 8th-century text The Expulsion of the Déisi describes enmity between Cormac and the group known as the Déisi, descendants of Cormac's great grandfather Fedlimid Rechtmar who had been his retainers.

By 1612, the shogun's retainers and residents of Tokugawa lands had been ordered to forswear Christianity.

He was murdered alongside his parents, four sisters, and three retainers during the Russian Civil War by order of the Bolshevik government, though rumors that he had survived persisted until the 2007 discovery of his and his sister Maria's remains.

Yoritomo followed the Fujiwara form of house government and had an administrative board, a board of retainers (), and a board of inquiry ( Monchūjo ).

Failure to enter Kyoto and gain recognition from the imperial court, however, had left the succession in doubt, and a group of bakufu retainers led by Hosokawa Fujitaka negotiated with Nobunaga to gain support for Yoshiteru's younger brother, Yoshiaki.

Although a commoner who had risen through the ranks from foot soldier, Hideyoshi was now in position to challenge even the most senior of the Oda clan's hereditary retainers, and proposed that Nobutada's infant son, Sanpōshi ( who became Oda Hidenobu ), be named heir rather than Nobunaga's adult third son, Nobutaka, whose cause had been championed by Shibata Katsuie.

" The fleet which ravaged Frisia had returned home and King Godofrid had been murdered by one of his retainers ".

The " retainers ' hall " had no windows on its west side and would have been relatively dark compared to the great hall.

Also, whereas the great hall had a large fireplace, the " retainers ' hall " had none.

Under the commands of John Norreys and Francis Drake an amphibious strike force proceeded by sea from Carrickfergus to Rathlin Island, where Sorley Boy's children and valuables, together with the families of his principal retainers, had been lodged for safety ; and while the chieftain was himself at Ballycastle, within sight of the island, the women and children ( perhaps 700 ) were massacred by the English.

She was also buried with 52 attendants — retainers who are suspected to have poisoned themselves ( or had been poisoned by others ) to serve their mistress in the next world.

Enomoto became one of the few former Tokugawa loyalists who made the transition to the new ruling elite, as politics at the time was dominated by men from Chōshū and Satsuma, who had a strong bias against outsiders in general, and former Tokugawa retainers in particular.

It had its own outlying territories, each ruled by a lesser miles with armed retainers, who theoretically owed allegiance through the Count to the Emperor or, with less fealty, to his Carolingian and Ottonian successors.

As the rebellion spread, it was joined by masterless samurai who once had served families such as the Amakusa and Shiki who had once lived in the area, as well as former Arima and Konishi retainers.

Other masterless samurai in the region included former retainers of and Sassa Narimasa, both of whom had once ruled parts of Higo Province.

Patterns and styles evolved so that, by the late 15th century, arrangements were common enough that they were appreciated by ordinary people, not just the imperial family and its retainers.

Uesugi Kenshin himself burst into the headquarters, attacking Takeda Shingen who, unprepared for such an event, parried with his signalling fan as best as he could, and held Kenshin off long enough for one of his retainers, Hara Osumi-no-Kami, to spear Kenshin's mount and drive him off.

Haruhisa managed to stave off the invasion, encouraging those retainers who had defected earlier, and after gathering enough troops, managed to repel it.

When central authority collapsed after 189 CE, wealthy landowners, members of the aristocracy / nobility, and regional military-governors relied upon their retainers to act as their own personal troops ( buqu 部曲 ).

The king employed thousands of highly paid retainers at his palaces — not to rule the country but to look after the royal family.

Asano's goods and lands were to be confiscated after his death, his family was to be ruined, and his retainers were to be made ronin.

Kira's agents reported all this to Kira, who became convinced that he was safe from the retainers of Asano, who must all be bad samurai indeed, without the courage to avenge their master after a year and a half.

Eventually, after a fierce struggle, the last of Kira's retainers was subdued ; in the process they killed sixteen of Kira's men and wounded twenty-two, including his grandson.

Ship after ship was captured and Sweyn at last was forced to abandon his own sinking ship and row to the coast with a few retainers.

The Kobusho was an exclusive military training school, primarily for the use of the shogunal retainers, set up by the Shogunate in 1855 in order to reform the military system after the arrival of Perry's Black Ships.

Tadaharu was first famed for his wise rulership of Takatō ; however, his rule soon became oppressive, especially after he killed seven of his senior retainers who admonished him.

In 1077, Thurstin was dismissed after his armed retainers killed monks right by the High Altar.

The hatamoto remained retainers of the main Tokugawa clan after the fall of the Shogunate in 1868, and followed the Tokugawa to their new domain of Shizuoka.

But according to the Jesuit account written right after her death, whenever Tadaoki left the mansion he would tell his retainers that if his wife's honor were ever in danger, they should kill her and then themselves.

Orthodontic retainers are custom-made devices, made usually of wires or clear plastic, that hold teeth in position after surgery or any method of realigning teeth.

The Giffards took care to surround themselves with reliable retainers: until the mid-19th century, after Catholic Emancipation, their servants and tenants were mainly Catholic.

In his will dated 1558, Cheney mentioned various properties which together gave him an annual rent of over £ 950, and after his death it was estimated that he maintained between 200-300 servants and retainers.

It is said that after asked repeatedly by Ieyasu and his retainers on how he almost unified Kyūshū, Yoshihisa finally relented and said " My three younger brothers led by Yoshihiro as well as retainers like Niiro Tadamoto fought so well united under the same goal, I never had a chance to show bravery in a battle.

In 1576, after Harada Naomasa's death during the campaign against the heavily-fortified and well-supplied Honganji temple in Osaka, Sakuma was chosen as Harada's replacement as commander and given troops from seven provinces placing him in command of the largest Oda-clan army among the Oda retainers.

The issue was apparently quiet for a few years, but from 1397 Richard issued increasingly large numbers of badges to retainers who misbehaved ( his " Cheshire archers " being especially notorious ), and in the Parliament of 1399, after his deposition, several of his leading supporters were forbidden from issuing " badges of signes " again, and a statute was passed allowing only the king ( now Henry IV ) to issue badges, and only to those ranking as esquires and above, who were only to wear them in his presence.

Soon after his arrival, Katamori was again formally received by the Court, appearing before regent Konoe together with his senior retainers Ono Gonnojō and Komori Ikkan.

The issue was apparently quiet for a few years, but from 1397 Richard issued increasingly large numbers of badges to retainers who misbehaved ( his " Cheshire archers " being especially notorious ), and in the Parliament of 1399, after his deposition, several of his leading supporters were forbidden from issuing " badges of signes " again, and a statute was passed allowing only the king ( now Henry IV ) to issue badges, and only to those ranking as esquires and above, who were only to wear them in his presence.

It often includes braces before and after surgery, and retainers after the final removal of braces.

Ill-fitting dental fillings, crowns, appliances, retainers, or braces as well as misalignment of jaw fractures after a severe injury are other causes.