In the west, organized Arianism survived in North Africa, in Hispania, and parts of Italy until it was finally suppressed in the 6th and 7th centuries.

In 46 BC, she consented for him to join Caesar in Hispania, where he planned to fight the forces of Pompey, Caesar's late enemy, but Octavius fell ill and was unable to travel.

She was married in 515 to Eutharic ( c. 480 – 522 ), an Ostrogoth noble of the old Amal line, who had previously been living in Visigothic Hispania, son of Widerich ( born c. 450 ), grandson of Berismund ( born c. 410 ), and great-grandson of Thorismund ( died after 400 ), King of the Ostrogoths c. 400.

Arcadius was born in Hispania, the elder son of Theodosius I and Aelia Flaccilla, and brother of Honorius, who would become a Western Roman Emperor.

It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica.

The city was conquered by the Visigoths in the early 5th century, becoming for a few years the capital of all Hispania.

Constantine was eventually trapped at Aquileia, where he died, leaving Constans to inherit all of his brother ’ s former territories – Hispania, Britannia and Gaul.

Honorius ' reign was plagued by almost constant barbarian incursions into Gaul, Italy and Hispania.

There was good reason for this as the western empire was effectively overstretched due to the massive invasion of Alans, Suevi and Vandals who although they had been repulsed from Italy in 406, moved into Gaul on 31 December 406, and arrived in Hispania in 409.

Constantius drove Ataulf into Hispania, and Attalus, having again lost Visigoth support, was captured and deposed.

The Visigoths under Alaric I sacked Rome in 410, defeated Attila at the Battle of the Catalunian Plains in 451, and founded a Kingdom in Aquitaine which was pushed to Hispania by the Franks in 507, converted to Catholicism by the late sixth century, and in the early eighth century conquered by the Muslim Moors.

The Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania was converted to Catholicism in the 7th century.

Rather than there being any convenient date for the " fall of the Roman Empire " there was a progressive " de-Romanization " of the Western Roman Empire in Hispania and a weakening of central authority, throughout the 3rd, 4th and 5th centuries.

Meanwhile, a slow but steady migration of Christian subjects to the northern kingdoms in Christian Hispania was slowly increasing the latter's power.

Hadrian was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus in Italica, or in Rome, from a well-established family which had originated in Picenum in Italy and had subsequently settled in Italica, Hispania Baetica ( the republican Hispania Ulterior ), near the present-day location of Seville, Spain.

Carthage at the time was in such a poor state that its navy was unable to transport his army to Iberia ( Hispania ); instead, Hamilcar had to march it towards the Pillars of Hercules and transport it across the Strait of Gibraltar ( present-day Morocco / Spain ).

Hannibal was now determined to carry the war into the heart of Italy by a rapid march through Hispania and southern Gaul.

With Lusitania ( and Asturia and Gallaecia ), Rome had completed the conquest of the Iberian peninsula, which was then divided by Augustus ( 25 – 20 BC or 16-13 BC ) into the eastern and northern Hispania Tarraconensis, the southwestern Hispania Baetica and the western Provincia Lusitana.

In Hispania, a young Roman commander, Publius Cornelius Scipio ( later to be given the agnomen Africanus because of his feats during this war ), eventually defeated the larger but divided Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal and two other Carthaginian generals.

* Hispania is divided into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior.

Under Diocletian, in 293, Hispania Tarraconensis was divided in three smaller provinces: Gallaecia, Carthaginensis and Tarraconensis.

Following the Muslim conquest of Hispania, Al-Andalus was divided into five administrative units, corresponding roughly to modern Andalusia, Galicia and Portugal, Castile and León, Aragon and Catalonia, and Septimania.

In the late Roman Republic, Hispania remained divided like Gaul into a " Nearer " and a " Farther " province, as experienced marching overland from Gaul: Hispania Citerior ( the Ebro region ), and Ulterior ( the Guadalquivir region ).

Hispania Baetica was divided into four conventūs, which were territorial divisions like judicial circuits, where the chief men met together at major centers, at fixed times of year, under the eye of the proconsul, to oversee the administration of justice: the conventus Gaditanus ( of Gades, or Cádiz ), Cordubensis ( of Cordoba ), Astigitanus ( of Astigi, or Écija ), and Hispalensis ( of Hispalis, or Seville ).

After the conquest of the peninsula ( 25-20 BC ) Augustus divided it into the southwestern Hispania Baetica and the western Hispania Lusitania that included the territories of Asturia and Gallaecia, Celtic regions.

In 428 the Vandals and Alans were united under the able, ferocious, and long-lived king Genseric ; he moved his entire people to Tarifa near Gibraltar, divided them into 80 groups nominally of 1, 000 people, ( perhaps 20, 000 warriors in total ), and crossed from Hispania to Mauretania without opposition.

He then divided it into three provinces, Hispania Tarraconensis, Hispania Baetica, and Lusitania, the latter of which included most of modern Portugal.

In 197 B. C., the conquered areas, even narrow strips along the coast of Spain were divided between the new provinces of Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior.

The Hispania Ulterior was divided into new provinces Baetica and Lusitania.

After his death, natural or forced, or deposition, Hispania was divided between rival claimaints: Roderic in the south and Achila II in the north.

As they became politically interested in the former territories of Carthage, the Romans came to use Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior for ' near ' and ' far Spain '.

Its capital was Emerita Augusta ( currently Mérida, Spain ), and it was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior, before becoming a province of its own in the Roman Empire.

* Agrippa divides Hispania Ulterior into Baetica and Lusitania, and enlarges Hispania Citerior.

* Roman armies under the leadership of praetor Servius Sulpicius Galba and the proconsul Lucius Licinius Lucullus arrive in Hispania Ulterior and begin the process of subduing the local population.

* In Rome, the praetor Lucius Postumius Albinus celebrates a triumph after conquering the Vaccaei and Lusitani during his time as Roman commander in the province of Hispania Ulterior.

* Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus — commander and consul of Hispania Ulterior from 138 BC to 136 BC.

The notion that Africanus was appointed successor to Cato in Hispania may have arisen from a double confusion of name and place, due to the fact that Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica was chosen, 194 BC, to the province of Hispania Ulterior.

As he had been governor of Hispania Ulterior in 61 BC and had campaigned successfully with them against the Lusitanians, Caesar knew personally most ( perhaps even all ) of these legions.

The first incident occurred during the summer of 60 B. C. E., when Caesar was returning home from his propraetorship in Hispania Ulterior.

Many Roman refugees and deserters joined him, and with these and his Hispanian volunteers he completely defeated several of Sulla's generals ( Fufidius, Domitius Calvinus and to some less-direct extent Thoranius ) and drove Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, who had been specifically sent against him from Rome, out of Lusitania, or Hispania Ulterior as the Romans called it at the time.

* Appius Claudius Nero, praetor in 195 BC, obtained Hispania Ulterior as his province ; in 189 he was one of ten legati sent into Asia, in order to settle affairs.

* Marcus Atilius Serranus, praetor in Hispania Ulterior in 152 BC, defeated the Lusitani, and took their principal city, Oxthracae.