Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20 – 45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18 – 40.

Historian Walter Rodney estimates that by c. 1770, the King of Dahomey earned around £ 250, 000 per year by selling captive Africans to the European slave traders.

Historian Thomas J. McGuire writes that, " American estimates of British losses run as high as 2, 000, based on distant observation and sketchy, unreliable reports ".

Historian John Haldon estimates the army at 25, 000 men, while John Birkenmeier puts it at 35, 000 men.

Historian Frank Dikötter, having been granted special access to Chinese archival materials, estimates that there were at least 45 million premature deaths from 1958 to 1962.

Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and the SS killed more than 1. 3 million Jews, Gypsies, and Soviet political commissars in open-air shootings.

Historian Barbara Jelavich estimates that about nine thousand homes were destroyed, and thousands of refugees were produced.

" Historian George Athan Billias argues in support of Baldwin's estimates, due in part to the corroborating admission of another British deserter.

Historian Leo de Hartog gives the size of the Rus ' army as 30, 000, while Richard Gabriel and Hector Hugh Munro claim that the size of the Rus ' army was 80, 000. de Hartog also estimates the size of the Mongol army as 20, 000, while Gabriel estimates that it was around 23, 000 men.

Historian Serhiy Pavlenko estimates that 6-7. 5 thousand civilians and 5-6. 5 thousand military personnel were murdered.

Historian Luis Gonzalez Obregon estimates that 51 death sentences were carried out in the 235 – 242 years that the tribunal was officially in operation.

" Historian and novelist C. S. Forester, writing in 1929, compared the Nile to the great naval actions in history and concluded that " it still only stands rivalled by Tsu-Shima as an example of the annihilation of one fleet by another of approximately equal material force ".

Historian William Gienapp has concluded that Brooks ' " assault was of critical importance in transforming the struggling Republican party into a major political force.

Upon Chen Shou's compilation on the unofficial works on Shu's history ( Shu had no official logs on its history ) in the Book of Shu, it only tells that Wei Yan wanted to spilt the force in two and meet at Tong Pass, not much detail was recorded due to fact that the position of Historian was banned by Zhuge Liang.

Historian Gordon Warren wrote that Williams found that, “ forts were either decaying or nonexistent, and the amount of necessary remedial work was stupefying .” On December 2, at Williams ’ urging, the Canadian government agreed to raise its active volunteer force to 7, 500.

Historian Thomas Fagan argues that the preeminent force behind the need for school psychology was compulsory schooling laws.

" Central the Spirituali was a renewed emphasis on the grace which God sent through faith ," writes Church Historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, " together with a consistent urge to reveal the Holy Spirit as the force conveying this grace-to that associates of the movement were soon characterized as Spirituali.

Historian Eleanor Clift recounts that the force feeding of Lucy Burns required " five people to hold her down, and when she refused to open her mouth, they shoved the feeding tube up her nostril.

Historian Bruce Cumings noted that when Chinese soldiers and officers saw how Americans fought the war, they were surprised by how freely the Americans would resort to what they considered to be excessive and unnecessary force.

Historian John Horn wrote that if Grant had been on the scene, he might have very well ordered an attack on Petersburg at this point, similar to the tactic he would use in April 1865 that caused the fall of the city, taking advantage of the weakly defended lines vacated by the heavy force that Lee had sent to Reams Station.

Historian Adrian Sherwin-White places the size of Lucullus ' force to 12, 000 seasoned legionaries ( composed of three legions ), and 4, 000 provincial cavalry and light infantry.

Historian Garry Wills argued " Their nullification effort, if others had picked it up, would have been a greater threat to freedom than the misguided and sedition laws, which were soon rendered feckless by ridicule and electoral pressure " The theoretical damage of the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions was " deep and lasting, and was a recipe for disunion ".

Historian Edward Ingram has noted that if Nelson had successfully intercepted Bonaparte at sea as ordered, the ensuing battle could have annihilated both the French fleet and the transports.

Historian Neil Kent has speculated that the area may have been the victim of an enemy assault.

The thesis that the Third Reich went to war on the basis of " blitzkrieg economics " was criticized by Richard Overy in the 1980s and Historian George Raudzens highlighted the many, somewhat conflicting, senses in which historians have used the word.

Historian Kris Inwood places the date very early, at least in Nova Scotia, finding clear signs that the Maritimes " Golden Age " of the mid-nineteenth century was over by 1870, before Confederation or the National Policy could have had any significant impact.

The Historian Procopius, in his Secret History, claims that the emperor Justinian attempted to interfere with the Jewish calendar in the 6th century, and a modern writer has suggested that this measure may have been directed against the protopaschites.

Historian Ian Kershaw observes that many Nazis seemed to have a " psychological block " at the end of the regime, refusing to recognise their responsibility for the barbaric actions that occurred during the Third Reich.

Historian Nicholas Rogers, exploring the origins of Halloween, notes that while " some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia, it is more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain, derived from the Old Irish Samuin meaning " summer's end ".

Historian Frank McLynn argues that John's early years at Fontevrault, combined with his relatively advanced education, may have turned him against the church.

Historian Garry Wills argued " Their nullification effort, if others had picked it up, would have been a greater threat to freedom than the misguided and sedition laws, which were soon rendered feckless by ridicule and electoral pressure " The theoretical damage of the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions was " deep and lasting, and was a recipe for disunion ".

Historian James Lockhart suggests that the people needed to have a scapegoat for the Aztec defeat, and Moctezuma naturally fell into that role.

Historian Beau Riffenburgh states that the promise to Scott " should never ethically have been demanded ", and compares Scott's intransigence on this matter unfavourably with the generous attitudes of the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who gave freely of his advice and expertise to all, whether they were potential rivals or not.

Historian Barbara Bell suggests that the paintings may have been made for tourists on Seneca Lake boat tours

Historian John Hedley Brooke describes wide variations: " the natural sciences have been invested with religious meaning, with antireligious implications and, in many contexts, with no religious significance at all.

Historian John M. Cooper argues that, in his first term, Wilson successfully pushed a legislative agenda that few presidents have equaled, and remained unmatched up until the New Deal.

Historian Harold Larrabee points out that this would have exposed Clinton in New York to blockade by the French if Graves had successfully entered the bay ; if Graves did not do so, de Barras ( carrying the siege equipment ) would have been outnumbered by Graves if de Grasse did not sail out in support.

Historian John Brooks in his book Once in Golconda considered the turn of the 19th to 20th century period to have been Wall Street's heyday.

Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894 ; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver.

Historian James A. Barnes, in his historical journal article pointing out myths that have arisen about Bryan's candidacy and campaign, stated that Bryan's efforts bore fruit even before the convention:

* ( perhaps ) Kadlin, said by Ari the Historian to have been daughter of Ganger Hrolf, traditionally identified with Rollo.

Historian Robert Holtman regards it as one of the few documents that have influenced the whole world.

Historian Norman Cantor who specialized in the medieval period, teaching and writing at Columbia and New York University, says in 1993: " It may be true that the Arabs had now fully extended their resources and they would not have conquered France, but their defeat ( at Tours ) in 732 put a stop to their advance to the north.

Military Historian Paul Davis argued in 1999, " had the Muslims been victorious at Tours, it is difficult to suppose what population in Europe could have organized to resist them.

Historian Marilyn Yalom proposes that the prominence of medieval queens such as Eleanor of Aquitaine and Blanche of Castile, the cult of the Virgin Mary, and the power ascribed to women in the troubadour tradition of courtly love, might have been partly responsible for influencing the piece towards its identity as a queen and its extraordinary power on the board, as might the medieval popularity of chess as a game particularly suitable for women to play on equal terms with men.