Historians estimate the Alþing to have been established from 800 to 900.

Historians estimate his estate was worth about $ 1 million in 1799 dollars, equivalent to about $ 18 million in 2009 purchasing power.

Historians Keith Hopkins and Mary Beard tentatively estimate a total of 400 arenas throughout the Roman Empire at its greatest extent, with a combined total of 8, 000 deaths per annum from all causes, including execution, combat and accident.

Historians estimate that fewer than one million immigrants — perhaps as few as 400, 000 — crossed the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Historians estimate that the reason for the rapid capitulation of Mieszko II was the bad internal situation in the country.

Historians estimate their total population may have been three to four times that number.

Historians estimate that, in the South in 1856, Fillmore retained 86 percent of the 1852 Whig voters.

Historians have used statistical techniques to estimate the party breakdown in Congress.

Historians estimate the total number who died due to Mao's persecution in all base areas to be approximately one hundred thousand.

Historians estimate about 2, 000 Cheyenne died, one-half to two-thirds of their population.

Historians estimate that the Pequot suffered the loss of 80 % of their population.

Historians estimate that the Pequot suffered the loss of 80 % of their entire population.

Historians estimate the number of Norman settlers at around 8, 000, but Norman in this instance includes not just natives of Normandy, but settlers from other parts of France.

Historians estimate that fully two per cent of the Chinese community was deported between 1923 and 1932, largely under the provisions of the Opium and Narcotics Drugs Act ( ONDA ).

Historians estimate that Provençal troops killed hundreds to thousands of residents there and in the nearby 22-28 villages which they destroyed.

Historians estimate that in the 1560s, more than half of the nobility were Calvinist ( or Huguenot ), and 1, 200 – 1, 250 Calvinist churches had been established, by 1562 with the outbreak of war, there were 2 million Calvinists.

Historians estimate that 2, 000 Huguenots were killed in Paris and thousands more in the provinces ; in all, perhaps 10, 000 people were killed.

Historians once thought the Iroquois Confederacy started in the 16th century, but a more recent estimate dates the confederacy and its constitution to between 1090 and 1150 CE.

Historians estimate that Cleisthenes was born c. 570 BC.

Historians estimate that up to half of Hungary's two million population at that time were victims of the Mongol invasion of Europe.

Historians estimate he brought in several thousand Chinese from China and many more thousand from California.

Historians John Thornton and Linda Heywood of Boston University estimate that 90 percent of those shipped to the New World were enslaved by Africans and then sold to European traders.

Historians estimate the encampment had some 1, 200 warriors out of the total 4, 800 population.

Historians have struggled to document the number of victims: some sources report up to 1, 830 victims ; others estimate 955 people killed.

Historians believe this poem became instantly famous: in April, the poets of Edo gathered at the bashō hut for a haikai no renga contest on the subject of frogs that seems to have been a tribute to Bashō's hokku, which was placed at the top of the compilation.

Historians believe that the author of Acts did not have access to a collection of Paul's letters.

Historians question whether the Roman government distinguished between Christians and Jews prior to Nerva's modification of the Fiscus Judaicus in 96 ( Jews paid the tax, Christians did not ).

Historians Passelecq and Suchecky have argued that Pacelli learned about its existence only after the death of Pius XI and did not promulgate it as Pope.

Historians are divided on whether or not Edward ever had an official that could be called a chancellor, but they are agreed that Leofric did not hold such an office.

Historians cite his reluctance to participate in the trials as one of the reasons that the witch hysteria did not take as deep a root in Haverhill as it did in the neighboring town of Andover, which had among the most victims of the trials.

Historians such as John Paget and C. T. Atkinson conclude that he probably did write the letter, but did so only when he knew that it would be received too late for its information to be of any practical use ( the plan of the attack on Brest was widely known, and the French had already begun to strengthen their defences in April ).

Historians still debate the question: did the 1929 Crash spark The Depression, or did it merely coincide with the bursting of a loose credit-inspired economic bubble?

But while Roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations .< ref > Kristina Milnor, " Women in Roman Historiography ," in The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historians ( Cambridge University Press, 2009 ), p. 278 ; Ann Ellis Hanson, " The Restructuring of Female Physiology at Rome ," in Les écoles médicales à Rome: Actes du 2 < sup > ème </ sup > Colloque international sur les textes médicaux latins antiques, Lausanne, septembre 1986 ( Université de Nantes, 1991 ), p. 256 .</ ref > Exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from the semi-legendary Lucretia and Claudia Quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance ; fierce Republican-era women such as Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, and Fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image ; women of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, most prominently Livia, who contributed to the formation of Imperial mores ; and the empress Helena, a driving force in establishing Christianity as the official religion of Rome.

Historians often say that he was born at " Frascati ", but it did not exist at his birth.

In conceptual artist Don Celender's 1974-5 book Observation and Scholarship Examination for Art Historians, Museum Directors, Artists, Dealers and Collectors one of the questions is " How much did The Art Institute of Chicago pay for Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte in 1924?

Historians have a number of opinions concerning why Ivan did this.

Historians have speculated that Medina Sidonia himself did not believe in the success of the Armada, and that this motivated his attempt to reject the command or his later letter to the king in which he advised to seek peace or at least postpone the operation.

Historians will no doubt dispute as to whether this cynical bargain, which did indeed provide Stalin with the sinews of war but also helped bring Hitler, an arch enemy of the Soviet Union, to power, was ultimately worthwhile for either party.

( Historians have established Zeisberger and Heckewelder did keep the Americans informed of the movements of the British and their Indian allies.

Historians such as Joseph Maiolo, Geoffrey Till and the authors of the Kriegsmarine Official History have agreed with Chatfield's contention that a Kreuzerkrieg fleet offered Germany the best chance for damaging British power, and that Britain did benefit strategically from the A. G. N. A.

Historians debate Smith's motivation -- was it a cynical attempt to defeat the bill by someone opposed to both civil rights for blacks and women, or did he support women's rights and was attempting to improve the bill by broadening it to include women?

Historians have been divided as to whether Heisenberg and his team were sincerely trying to construct a nuclear weapon, or whether their failure reflected a desire not to succeed because they did not want the Nazi regime to have such a weapon.

Historians have speculated that the divorce may have been related to Masamoto's poor health ( he died at a relatively young age ) or the fact they did not have any children, but the true reason is unknown.

Historians in the 19th century blamed Tarleton for the massacre, even though most contemporary references to it did not describe it as such.

Historians believe they did not understand how large the village was, as it contained thousands of warriors.

Historians agree that Justice Story — as much or more than Marshall or anyone else — did indeed reshape American law in a conservative direction that protected property rights.