Historically, in Socialist systems collectivist economics were carried to their furthest extreme, with a minimum of private ownership and a maximum of planned economy.

Historically, the concept of entropy evolved in order to explain why some processes ( permitted by conservation laws ) occur spontaneously while their time reversals ( also permitted by conservation laws ) do not ; systems tend to progress in the direction of increasing entropy.

Historically, FPTP has been a contentious electoral system, giving rise to the concept of electoral reform and a multiplicity of different voting systems intended to address perceived weaknesses of plurality voting.

Historically, HTTPS connections were primarily used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web, e-mail and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems.

Historically, there were also mixed systems:

Historically these systems are most commonly combined, either formally or informally, in some manner.

Historically, the use of neural networks models marked a paradigm shift in the late eighties from high-level ( symbolic ) artificial intelligence, characterized by expert systems with knowledge embodied in if-then rules, to low-level ( sub-symbolic ) machine learning, characterized by knowledge embodied in the parameters of a dynamical system.

Historically, most psychophysiologists tended to examine the physiological responses and organ systems innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

Comedy of manners, sometimes also called satire of manners, criticizes mode of life of common people ; political satire aims at behavior, manners of politicians, and vices of political systems ; Historically, Comedy of manners, which first appeared in British theater in 1620, has uncritically accepted the social code of the upper classes.

Historically, SYSTRAN systems used Rule-based machine translation ( RbMT ) technology.

Historically, the nobility were supported by taxes on the poor ; modern social security systems are intended to support the poor, the disabled, or the retired by taxes on those who are still working.

Historically, the uncertainty principle has been confused with a somewhat similar effect in physics, called the observer effect, which notes that measurements of certain systems cannot be made without affecting the systems.

Historically, many systems had a batch window where online subsystems were turned off and the system capacity was used to run jobs common to all data ( accounts, users, or customers ) on a system.

Historically, these kinds of " market socialist " systems attempt to retain state ownership of the commanding heights of the economy, such as heavy industry, energy, and infrastructure, while introducing decentralised decision making and giving local managers more freedom to make decisions and respond to market demands.

Historically, this term was essentially associated with IBM's line of mainframe operating systems starting with OS / 360.

Historically, many of the cities now thought the most beautiful are the result of dense, long lasting systems of prohibitions and guidance about building sizes, uses and features.

Historically freedom of religion has been used to refer to the tolerance of different theological systems of belief, while freedom of worship has been defined as freedom of individual action.

Historically, the rail gauge has had considerable variations, with narrow gauge common in many early systems.

Historically, Europe has always been a mixture of Latin, Slavic, Germanic, Uralic, Celtic, Hellenic, Illyrian, Thracian and other cultures influenced by the importation of Hebraic, Christian, Muslim and other belief systems ; although the continent was supposedly unified by the super-position of Imperial Roman Christianity, it is accepted that geographic and cultural differences continued from antiquity into the modern age.

Historically, the terms YUV and Y ' UV were used for a specific analog encoding of color information in television systems, while YCbCr was used for digital encoding of color information suited for video and still-image compression and transmission such as MPEG and JPEG.

Historically, zoologists and botanists have developed various classification systems that take into account the world's plant and animal communities.

Historically significant systems of mentorship include traditional Greek pederasty, the guru-disciple tradition practiced in Hinduism and Buddhism, Elders, the discipleship system practiced by Rabbinical Judaism and the Christian church, and apprenticing under the medieval guild system.

Historically, there have been differences in systems of succession, mainly revolving around the question of whether succession is limited only to males, or if females are also eligible to succeed.

Historically, the use of two guns at once, one in each hand, is most associated with the American Old West, where revolvers holding only six rounds of ammunition were the highest capacity handguns available and reloading was a slow process.

Historically almost all early computers were accumulator machines ; and many microcontrollers still popular as of 2010 ( such as the 68HC12, the PICmicro, the 8051 and several others ) are basically accumulator machines.

Historically, all living things were grouped as either animals or plants, and botany covered the study of all organisms not considered to be animals.

Historically the languages were spoken over a larger area: West to the mouth of the Vistula river in present-day Poland, at least as far East as the Dniepr river in present-day Belarus, perhaps even to Moscow, perhaps as far south as Kiev.

Historically, allegations of cannibalism were used by the colonial powers to justify the enslavement of what were seen as primitive peoples ; cannibalism has been said to test the bounds of cultural relativism as it challenges anthropologists " to define what is or is not beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior ".

Historically, the baudot and braille keyboards were standardized to some extent, but they are unable to replicate the full character set of a modern keyboard.

Historically, Charlton's most successful period was the 1930s, when the club's highest league finishes were recorded, including runners-up of the First Division in 1937.

Historically, Japanese attempts to normalize their relationship with China were met with Taiwanese accusations of ingratitude.

Historically, cranberry beds were constructed in wetlands.

Historically, RT-11 also served as the inspiration for many microcomputer OS's, as these were generally being written by programmers who cut their teeth on one of the many PDP-11 models.

Historically, lawyers in most European countries were addressed with the title of doctor, and countries outside of Europe have generally followed the practice of the European country which had policy influence through modernization or colonialization.

Historically, division rings were sometimes referred to as fields, while fields were called “ commutative fields ”.

Historically, some encyclopedias were contained in one volume, but some, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica or the world ´ s largest Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana, became huge multi-volume works.

Historically, distances were often measured by chains such as Gunter's chain, and angles using graduated circles and, later, the theodolite.

Historically, elliptic functions were discovered as inverse functions of elliptic integrals.

( Historically, division rings were sometimes referred to as fields, while fields were called commutative fields.

Historically, the hadrons ( mesons and baryons such as the proton and neutron ) and even whole atoms were once regarded as elementary particles ( indeed, the word " atom " means " indivisible ").

Historically, this area of Lochaber was strongly Clan Cameron country, and there were a number of mainly Cameron settlements in the area ( such as Blarmacfoldach ).

Historically they were sometimes called Feynman-Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because when they were introduced the path integral was unfamiliar, and Freeman Dyson's derivation from old-fashioned perturbation theory was easier to follow for physicists trained in earlier methods.

Historically the first decade of semiconductor electronics were entirely based on germanium, although its production for such use today is a small fraction ( 2 %) of that of ultra-high purity silicon, which has largely replaced it.