However, the concept pre-dates the naming of these establishments, as evidence suggests commercial food preparation may have existed during the age of the city of Pompeii, and urban sales of prepared foods may have existed in China during the Song Dynasty.

However, China's first official standing navy was not established until the Southern Song Dynasty in the 12th century, a time when gunpowder was a revolutionary new application to warfare.

However, the Chinese were not completely defenceless, and from AD 1234 until 1279 the Southern Song Chinese held out against the enormous barrage of Mongol attacks.

However, at this time in Spain, translation of biblical texts into Spanish was not viewed favorably, and the translation of the Song of Songs was one of the main charges of supposed heresy brought against him when in 1572 he was imprisoned in Valladolid-though released after four years with an admonition.

However, Rabbinical writings seem to indicate that certain books were disputed as accepted canon ( such as Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs and Esther, see also Antilegomena ), but it may not necessarily be the case.

However during the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 AD ), antiquarians collected bronze ritual vessels attributed to the Shang era, some of which bore inscriptions.

However, due to lingering territorial disputes, the Song and the Mongols eventually went to war with one another over these territories.

However Han Fuqu, chairman of the province and suspected for his clandestine Japanese liaison, forbade Song to retreat across the Yellow River resulting in the 29th Army being shattered at Shijiazhuang in December 1937 and January 1938.

However, it is estimated that the Northern Song had a population of some 100 million people, and 200 million by the time of the Ming Dynasty.

However, heavy losses on both sides prompted the Lý commander Thường Kiệt ( 1019 – 1105 ) to make peace overtures, allowing both sides to withdraw from the war effort ; captured territories held by both Song and Lý were mutually exchanged in 1082, along with prisoners of war.

However, the poor performance and military weakness of the Song army was observed by the Jurchens who immediately broke the alliance with the Song, launching an invasion into Song territory in 1125 and another in 1127 ; in this latter invasion, the Jurchens captured not only the Song capital at Kaifeng, but the retired emperor Huizong, his successor Qinzong, and most of the Imperial court.

However, the later Song Dynasty, after 1127, when it moved its capital south to Lin ' an ( modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang ), is most commonly referred to as " Southern Song Dynasty " ( 南宋 ).

However, the emperor's martial abilities were not equal to his father, and his inability to crush the remaining barbarian states allowed Northern Wei to complete the unification of the North, to the detriment of Liu Song.

However, according to a survey of the extant Six Dynasties ' sculpture in the Nanjing and Danyang areas, only one of the extant Six Dynasties ' tomb sculptural groups has been securely identified as belonging to the Liu Song: the Chuning Tomb of the first emperor of the dynasty.

However, it would not be until 1038 that the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao, Li Deming's son, who also ordered the creation of a Tangut writing system and the translation of Chinese classics into Tangut, named himself emperor of Da Xia, and demanded of the Song emperor recognition as an equal.

However, the Song China was difficult to conquer because of the strategic location of Xiangyang, hence a vital position for Kublai to capture and hold.

However, Song had expected a trebuchet siege, and made preparations beforehand.

However, the tribe is not mentioned in the ancient Song of Deborah, and some scholars think that Simeon was not originally regarded as a distinct tribe ; according to Israel Finkelstein, the south of Canaan, in which Simeon was situated, was simply an insignificant rural backwater at the time the poem was written.

However, the Chinese Song Dynasty only officially recognized him as Prince of Jiaozhi ( Giao Chỉ Quận Vương ).

However, the crisis occurs precisely as a weakening of spiritual forces.

However, a major factor in binding dirt is the attraction between surfaces that goes under the name of Van der Waal's forces.

However, to the extent that the monetary authorities, in their effort to ease credit in the next several months, conduct their open market operations in longer-term Government bonds, they will certainly act to accentuate any tendency for long-term interest rates to ease as a result of market forces.

However conservative forces crushed BZNS in a 1923 coup and assassinated its leader, Aleksandar Stamboliyski ( 1879 – 1923 ).

However, using pure mass to resist the forces of a storm only works well as a permanent mooring ; a large enough rock would be nearly impossible to move to a new location.

However, a weak signal forces a shutdown of the service in a few weeks.

However, further experience takes these equal chances, and forces the imagination to observe that certain chances arise more frequently than others.

However, with his campaigns in India exhausting the state treasury, and with his troops stretched thin throughout Central Asia, Ahmad Shah lacked sufficient resources to check the advance of Qing forces.

However, it seems that the Duke ’ s favoured scheme was to return to the Moselle valley ( where Marshal Marsin had recently taken command of French forces ) and once more attempt an advance into the heart of France.

However, the lack of manoeuvrability of the British forces, combined with lack of open-field tactics to command these numbers, put them at a disadvantage to the Romans, who were skilled at open combat due to their superior equipment and discipline.

However, Space Pens, developed by Fisher in the United States, combine a more viscous than normal ballpoint pen ink with a gas-pressured piston which forces the ink toward the point.

However, D. S. Potter suggests that, before the defeat at Abritus, the situation was not so serious that the available Roman forces would not be able to manage the invasions.

However, Goukouni ’ s January 1981 statement that Chad and Libya had agreed to work for the realization of complete unity between the two countries generated intense international pressure and Goukouni's subsequent call for the complete withdrawal of external forces.

However, peace was short-lived, as FARF rebels clashed with government soldiers, finally surrendering to government forces in May 1998.

However, despite claims of government corruption, favoritism of Zaghawas, and abuses by the security forces, opposition party and labor union calls for general strikes and more active demonstrations against the government have been unsuccessful.

However, the French did not consolidate their control over the area until 1903, after having defeated the forces of Rabih in the battle of Kousséri, and established colonial administration throughout the territory.

However, the collapse of the Near Eastern trading system pointed to a flaw: in an era where there was no place that was safe to store value, the value of a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store.

However, cavalry saw a role as part of screening forces and in foraging and scouting.

However, Chiang's allied commander Zhang Xueliang, whose forces were used in his attack and whose homeland of Manchuria had been recently invaded by the Japanese, did not support the attack on the Communists.

However, a rotating frame can be treated as if it were an inertial frame so that Newton's laws can be used if so-called fictitious forces ( also known as inertial or pseudo-forces ) are included in the sum of external forces on an object.

However, the observer ( red dot ) who is standing in the rotating ( non-inertial ) frame of reference ( lower part of the picture ) sees the object as following a curved path due to the Coriolis and centrifugal forces present in this frame.

However, there are other forces changing the rotation rate of the Earth.

However, along the long border with its neighbour Colombia, relations have been strained mainly due to a cross-border raid by Colombian forces on FARC guerrillas.

However, some emulsions would never coalesce under normal gravitational force, but will under higher g forces.