However, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries.

However, restrictive Spanish trade laws made it difficult for Cubans to keep up with the 17th and 18th century advances in processing sugar cane pioneered in British Barbados and French Saint Domingue ( Haiti ).

However, during the 16th and 17th centuries, Cairo remained an important economic and cultural centre.

However, attempts made in closed-door sessions at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Communist Party of China's Central Committee in September 2009 to grapple with these problems produced inconclusive results, although a directive which requires disclosure of investments and property holdings by party and governmental officials was passed.

However, the island was not actually colonized until the 17th century.

However, Portuguese settlers destroyed the trade and began a series of wars which left the empire in near collapse in the early 17th century.

However, with the decline of Portugal as a world power in the 17th and 18th centuries, the trading routes were challenged by other powers such as the Dutch and the British.

However, from the turn of 17th century on, the goals of the Order of Reason began to change.

However, most of those used today date from the 17th century.

However, the 17th century was not simply an era of stagnation and decline, but also a key period in which the Ottoman state and its structures began to adapt to new pressures and new realities, internal and external.

However, in England, several writers influenced the course of rhetoric during the 17th century, many of them carrying forward the dichotomy that had been set forth by Ramus and his followers during the preceding decades.

However, since the monarch is also the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, the law which prohibits a Roman Catholic from acceding to the throne – which originated as a result of the English and Scots ' distrust of Roman Catholicism during the late 17th century – would remain.

However, flaws in this dating were discerned by the 17th century scholar Ralph Cudworth, who argued that Casaubon's allegation of forgery could only be applied to three of the seventeen treatises contained within the Corpus Hermeticum.

However, it was King Louis XIV of France who made the grenadier an official type of soldier and company during his army reforms late in the 17th century.

However, panel painting remained more common until the 16th century in Italy and the 17th century in Northern Europe.

However, variants of ' Arbroath ' had been used since the 17th century, including ' Arbroth ' and Aberbreth.

However, it is known that the god Ashur was still worshipped in Assyria as late as the 4th Century AD and it is rumoured that Ashurism was still practiced by tiny minorities in northern Assyria ( around Harran ) until the 17th Century AD.

However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler.

However, the wooden doors with their colourful floral decoration are the original gates of Hart Hall from the 17th century.

However, it was often under pressure during the Reformation from the Catholic Holy Roman Empire, and from repeated French invasions in the 17th and 18th centuries.

However, the majority of French matchlock arquebuses retained the crossbow-style trigger throughout the 17th century.

However by the middle half of the 17th century the fur trade was in a slow decline .< ref > Lunn, Jean.

However, there is no evidence that the song is based on a real woman, of the 17th century or at any other time.

However, in the 17th century writers like John Locke, Richard Overton and Roger William broke the link between territory and faith, which eventually resulted in a shift from territoriality to religious voluntarism.

However, the enormous expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British Empire brought Anglicanism along with it.

However, 18th century theatrical dance had at least two other styles: comic or grotesque, and semi-serious.

However, usage altered over time and during the 18th century, dragoons evolved into conventional light cavalry units and personnel.

However dragoons had existed in Portugal since at least the early 18th century and, in 1719, units of this type of cavalry were sent to Brazil, initially to escort shipments of gold and diamonds and to guard the Viceroy who resided in Rio de Janeiro ( 1st Cavalry Regiment – Vice-Roy Guard Squadron ).

However, in enlightened absolutism ( also known as benevolent despotism ), which came to prominence in 18th century Europe, absolute monarchs used their authority to institute a number of reforms in the political systems and societies of their countries.

However, even in the 18th century, the vast majority of people in Europe lacked formal schooling, which means they were homeschooled or received no education at all.

) However, the printing press was used only by the non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire until the 18th century.

However, the administrative and religious use of Quechua was terminated when it was banned from public use in Peru in the late 18th century in response to the Túpac Amaru II rebellion – even " loyal " pro-Catholic texts such as Garcilaso de la Vega's Comentarios Reales were banned.

However, on the 18th, after invoking Thoth ( the god of knowledge ), she mentioned Horus by name as the one waiting for him.

However, more recent research compared the 18th century Chinese legal system to European systems of the 18th century, resulting in a far more positive view of traditional Chinese law.

However, many significant museums in the world were not founded until the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment:

(" Sausage poisoning " was a common problem in 18th and 19th century Germany, and was most likely caused by botulism ) However, isolates from subsequent outbreaks were always found to be anaerobic spore formers, so Ida Bengston proposed that the organism be placed into the genus Clostridium as the Bacillus genus was restricted to aerobic spore-forming rods.

However, following the example of Port, a small amount of distilled alcohol made from cane sugar was added to stabilize the wine by boosting the alcohol content ( the modern process of fortification using brandy did not become widespread till the 18th century ).

However, it was not until the advent of romantic nationalism in late 18th century Europe that nationalism gained sufficient prevalence for the phrase ' country of nationality ' to become practically meaningful, and for people crossing borders to be required to provide identification.

However, adjacent to the new official locality, a Moldavian colony already existed, which by the end of 18th century was an independent settlement known under the name of Moldavanka.

However, in the 18th century most plains tribes adopted the Horse culture and became nomadic.

However, by the 18th century the Plains Apache pushed the Tonkawa south to what is now southern Texas.

However, in recent history it was unquestionably also employed as a kind of rake to keep in order the huge " heads " of powdered hair worn by ladies in the 18th and 19th centuries.

However, despite sharing a common language and believing in a common ancestry, the Pashtuns first achieved unity in the 18th century.

However, their performance in the following years ( 2006-9 ) demonstrated a poorer performance, leaving them in 12th in 2006 and dropping to 18th in 2009.