However, gene tests may not detect every mutation associated with a particular condition because many are as yet undiscovered.

However, while viruses are effective, they can introduce problems like toxicity, immune and inflammatory responses, and gene control and targeting issues.

However, other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, or the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells.

However, this has proven more difficult than modifying bacteria, primarily because of the problems involved in carrying large sections of DNA and delivering them to the correct site on the gene.

However, mutations of the dystrophin gene and nutritional defects ( with no genetics history ) at the prenatal stage are also possible in about 33 % of people affected by DMD.

However, many endogenous retroviruses play important roles in host biology, such as control of gene transcription, cell fusion during placental development in the course of the germination of an embryo, and resistance to exogenous retroviral infection.

However these drugs can quickly become ineffective due to the fact that the gene sequences that code for the protease and the reverse transcriptase quickly mutate.

However, such an approach can be methodologically problematic, as a statistical correlation could be due to circularity if the measurement of gene frequency indirectly uses the same measurements that describe the strategy.

However, not all polyploids are reproductively isolated from their parental plants, and gene flow may still occur for example through triploid hybrid x diploid matings that produce tetraploids, or matings between meiotically unreduced gametes from diploids and gametes from tetraploids ( see also hybrid speciation ).

However, 2006 research shows that jumping of a gene from one chromosome to another can contribute to the birth of new species.

However, scientists have silenced the gene that produces the toxin, making it a potential food crop.

However, physical barriers to gene exchange ( such as the Himalayan mountain range ) might have enabled Cannabis gene pools to diverge before the onset of human intervention, resulting in speciation.

However, other changes such as Transgenesis introduce DNA into an organism that is not available in the species ' gene pool.

However, there are cases in which testes can develop in the absence of an SRY gene ( see sex reversal ).

However, there is some evidence to suggest that there could have been transitions between ZW and XY, such as in Xiphophorus maculatus, which have both ZW and XY systems in the same population, despite the fact that ZW and XY have different gene locations.

However, when an extra DAX1 gene is placed on the X, the result is a female, despite the existence of SRY.

However, homologues to the avian DMRT1 gene on platypus sex chromosomes X3 and X5 suggest that it is possible the sex-determining gene for the platypus is the same one that is involved in bird sex-determination.

However, killing another male's cubs, upon the takeover, allows for the new selected gene complement of the incoming alpha male to prevail over the previous male.

However, in 1997, Dr Matalon's employer, the Miami Children's Hospital, patented the gene and started claiming royalties on the genetic test, forcing the Canavan Foundation to withdraw their testing.

However, a study published in the journal Cell in 2010, based on gene expression profiles, reported strong affinities between the cerebral cortex and the mushroom bodies of ragworms.

However, the frequency of recombination is actually not the same for all gene combinations.

However a different genetic symbol ( hr ) is given to the Sphynx gene and it is more likely that these are different genes interacting with each other.

However, a hypothetical gene that prompts behaviour which enhances the fitness of relatives but lowers that of the individual displaying the behavior, may nonetheless increase in frequency, because relatives often carry the same gene.

However, as so many of the records are not certainly based on newborn snakes, these data must be taken tentatively ; ;

However, the proposed correlation of the many interrelated properties of crystals will reveal discrepancies in the recorded data and suggest areas for reinvestigation.

However, it would require all data transmission to send eight bits when seven could suffice.

However, when applied to data from non-randomized experiments or observational studies, model-based analysis lacks the warrant of randomization.

However, data from the National Statistical Service shows that there were only 65, 000 foreigners staying in Armenian hotels in 2009.

However, other geographers have had access to the same data since 2001, and a consensus has yet to emerge to support the claims of these Brazilian scientists.

However, an ADT may be implemented by specific data types or data structures, in many ways and in many programming languages ; or described in a formal specification language.

However the data on Cobb's caught stealing is missing from 12 seasons, strongly suggesting he was unsuccessful many more times than his stats indicate.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

However, Astbury did not have the necessary data on the bond geometry of the amino acids in order to build accurate models, especially since he did not then know that the peptide bond was planar.

However, the data he used originated back to epoch B1875. 0, which was when Benjamin A. Gould first made the proposal to designate boundaries for the celestial sphere, a suggestion upon which Delporte would base his work.

However, in the 1990s it rapidly became the dominant set of methods of phylogenetics in evolutionary biology, because computers made it possible to process large quantities of data about organisms and their characteristics.

However, the use of data from coral fossils to support K – Pg extinction and subsequent Paleocene recovery must be weighed against the changes that occurred in coral ecosystems through the K – T boundary.

However, the term is applied to multidimensional data as well as to univariate data and in situations where a transformation of the data values for some or all dimensions would usually be considered necessary: in the latter cases, the notion of a " central location " is retained in converting an " average " computed for the transformed data back to the original units.

However, according to 2005 data reported by the Colombian government, the road network totaled 163, 000 kilometers, 68 percent of which were paved and in good condition.

However, phthalocyanine is more sensitive than cyanine to writing laser power calibration, meaning that the power level used by the writing laser has to be more accurately adjusted for the disc in order to get a good recording ; this may erode the benefits of dye stability, as marginally written discs ( with higher correctable error rates ) will lose data ( i. e. have uncorrectable errors ) after less dye degradation than well written discs ( with lower correctable error rates ).

However it does not mean that the algorithm will converge rapidly to this solution, just that it won't diverge arbitrarily because of inaccuracy on the source data ( backward error ), provided that the forward error introduced by the algorithm does not diverge as well because of accumulating intermediate rounding errors.

However, the general definition of a file does not require that its instant size has any real meaning, unless the data within the file happens to correspond to data within a pool of persistent storage.

( However, with a program organizing disk storage on its own, all space could be used, e. g. for data disks.

However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system.