However, Kurdish groups show a closer relationship with European groups than with Caucasian groups based on mtDNA, but the opposite based on the Y-chromosome, indicating some differences in their maternal and paternal histories.

However, Y-chromosome and mtDNA ( mitochondrial DNA ) testing looks only at " direct " line male and female ancestors and thus can fail to pick up many ancestors ' heritage.

However, the DNA evidence cited above is from mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ), which can often move easily between closely related species (" introgression ") when they hybridize.

However, other studies by Behar indicate that this mtDNA is different from other Jewish populations found outside of Europe, leaving the possibility of a separate origin or even a European origin a distinct possibility.

However, these latter hybrid lines ( with European mtDNA ) do not appear to propagate themselves well or persist.

However, the mtDNA cytochrome b data suggests that in this case, to make Bubo monophyletic the Scotopelia fishing owls would also need to be included there.

However, this interpretation is problematic: mtDNA analysis is very susceptible to hybridization events, the evolutionary history of the Cape Verde population is not known, and the genetic relationship of Red Kites in general is very confusing, with geographical proximity being no indicator of genetic relatedness and the overall genetic similarity high, perhaps indicating a relict species.

However mtDNA cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence data suggests that the White Wagtail is itself polyphyletic or paraphyletic ( i. e. the species is not itself a single coherent grouping ).

However, a later study of the mtDNA of these same animals concluded they diverged significantly and are thus different species.

However, the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) is immune to sexual mixing, unlike the nuclear DNA whose chromosomes are shuffled and recombined in Mendelian inheritance.

However, in the same year, mtDNA research revealed that a lion specimen from Neuwied Zoo ( which originated from the collection of the King of Morocco ) is not of sub-Saharan origin according to its mitochondrial lineage and, thus, very likely a descendant of a Barbary lion.

However, the Moroccan cats shared mitochondrial haplotypes ( H5 and H6 ) with central African lions, and together with them were part of a major mtDNA grouping ( lineage III ) that also included Asiatic samples.

However, mtDNA cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 sequence analysis and the biogeographical pattern of distribution indicate that the anatomical similarity to the Muscovy Duck is deceiving.

However, recent genetic ( mtDNA ) research suggests that the West Indian manatee actually falls out into three groups, which are more or less geographically distributed as: ( 1 ) Florida and the Greater Antilles ; ( 2 ) Central and Northern South America ; and ( 3 ) Northeastern South America.

However, the theory of massive Judaization of the Berber population is called into question by the recent study on the mtDNA ( transmitted from mother to children ).

However, mtDNA sequence analyses of the cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes indicate that Tachyeres rather belongs into a distinct clade of aberrant South American dabbling ducks, which also includes the Brazilian, the Crested, and the Bronze-winged Ducks.

However, this finding alone does not rule out the possibility of an elitist and / or male-predominant Aryan invasion of the Indian subcontinent as in fact the patterns of historical conquest and migration are ultimately reflected in terms of sex-biased admixture, with the mitochondrial heritage being more stable and of more local origin and the Y-chromosomal heritage reflecting an external influence upon the population genetic structure, as can be seen in not only such regions as South Asia, but also in such regions as Northeastern Africa ( Semitic Y chromosomes vs. Niger-Kordofanian mtDNA ) and Latin America ( Iberian Y chromosomes vs. Amerindian mtDNA ).

However, studies of mitochondrial DNA show that the divergence between each of the three chipmunk groups is comparable to the genetic dissimilarity between Marmota and Spermophilus.

However, another recent study on the mitochondrial DNA of koi have found that koi are descended from multiple lineages of common carp from both Western Eurasian and East Asian varieties.

However, once Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > signaling in the mitochondria passes a certain threshold, it stimulates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in part by collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential required for metabolism.

However they are now known to possess mitochondrial relics, called mitosomes.

However, recent DNA analysis from mitochondrial DNA of the remains from those reindeer suggest that the animals from the Queen Charlotte Islands were not genetically distinct from the Canadian mainland reindeer subspecies.

However this study was done in 2004, before the present sequencing methods were available and consequently full mitochondrial genomes could not be obtained.

However, testing the mitochondrial genome can prove only if two individuals are related by common descent through maternal lines only from a common ancestor and is, thus, of limited value ( for instance, it could not be used to test for paternity ).

However, the common minke whale was recognized as a separate species from the Antarctic minke whale based on mitochondrial DNA testing.

However, the common minke whale was recognized as a separate species from the Antarctic minke whale based on mitochondrial DNA testing.

However, subfossil Aepyornis fragments have not yet been successfully sequenced for mitochondrial DNA.

However, there is 10. 3 % of difference between the species found in a mitochondrial analysis.

However, according to sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene of members of the genus Passerina, it was determined that the Indigo Bunting and Lazuli Bunting are not, in fact, sister taxa.

However, this is not the case for continuous maximal exertion: “ Maximal exercise is, despite the increase in capillary oxygenation the brain, associated with a reduced mitochondrial O < sub > 2 </ sub ></ sub > content during whole body exercise ” The autoregulation of the brain ’ s blood supply is impaired particularly in warm environments

However, Slater's analysis of mitochondrial DNA from five museum specimens indicated that their most recent common ancestor lived some 330, 000 years ago, making it likely that the wolf arrived in the islands long before humans.

However they are now known to possess mitochondrial relics, called mitosomes.

However, an analysis of mitochondrial DNA was conducted by Knight et al.

However, the human mitochondrial enoyl-CoA isomerase is a trimer and orients the fatty acid tail in a completely different direction from that seen in the hexamers.

However, the mitochondrial genomes of both T. cati and T. canis have recently been sequenced, which could lead to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention.

However, mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses of the cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes indicates that it might belong to a very distinct and ancient " duck " clade, together with Hartlaub's Duck, another African species of uncertain affinities.

However, mitochondrial DNA sequence data from remains of the American lion from Wyoming and Alberta show that it is a sister lineage to the cave lion, and likely arose when an early cave lion population became isolated south of the North American continental ice sheet.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

However, in 2009, the family authorities decided not to agree to DNA testing.

However in nature DNA can form three structures, A -, B-and Z-DNA.

However, because eukaryotic DNA has introns, and prokaryotes lack the machinery for removing introns from transcribed RNA, to make this approach work, all intron sequences must be removed from eukaryotic DNA prior to transferring it into the host.

However, a DNA polymerase can only extend an existing DNA strand paired with a template strand ; it cannot begin the synthesis of a new strand.

However, in 2009, this hypothesis was disproved when DNA analysis identified the Falkland Island wolf's closest living relative as the Maned Wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus )— an unusually long-legged, fox-like South American canid, from which it separated about 6. 7 million years ago.

However, other evidence was interpreted as suggesting that DNA was structurally uninteresting and possibly just a molecular scaffold for the apparently more interesting protein molecules.

However, Watson and Crick found fault in her steadfast assertion that, according to her data, a helical structure was not the only possible shape for DNA — so they had a dilemma.

However, later research showed that triple-stranded, quadruple-stranded and other more complex DNA molecular structures required Hoogstein bonds.

However, this has proven more difficult than modifying bacteria, primarily because of the problems involved in carrying large sections of DNA and delivering them to the correct site on the gene.

However, once the DNA was inserted, it did not remain in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell but was incorporated into the bacteria in some fashion ( later determined to be inserted into bacterial DNA ).

However, they did not make any conclusions regarding the specific function of DNA as hereditary material, and only said that it must have some undefined role.

However, different types of introns were identified through the examination of intron structure by DNA sequence analysis, together with genetic and biochemical analysis of RNA splicing reactions.

However, DNA evidence is inconclusive and the position of the jaguar relative to the other species varies between studies.

However, recent DNA studies indicate that the Ostrich is more closely related to the moa and the kiwi is more closely related to the Emu and the cassowaries.

However, studies of ancient DNA have revealed that in prehuman times it was far more widespread up the west coast of the South Island and was present in the lower half of the North Island where it was the only kiwi species detected.

However, under certain conditions the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome in the lysogenic pathway.

However, a similar " sexual " process, known as bacterial transformation, involves transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and recombination of these DNA molecules of different parental origin.

However, recent research suggests that many mutations in non-coding DNA do have slight deleterious effects.