However, the element abundance in intergalactic space can still closely resemble primordial conditions, unless it has been enriched by some means.

However, the atmosphere was found to be in a stable condition close to its chemical equilibrium, with very little oxygen, methane, or hydrogen, but with an overwhelming abundance of carbon dioxide.

However, some stable isotopes also show abundance variations in the earth as a result of decay from long-lived radioactive nuclides.

However, with the abundance of laser sources available today it is easy to perform a Arago spot experiment ( see for example here ).

However, the abundance of a species within a given box may vary as a function of time due to the input to ( or loss from ) the box or due to the production, consumption or decay of this species within the box.

This is because < sup > 238 </ sup > U is much more stable than < sup > 235 </ sup > U or < sup > 234 </ sup > U, as the half-life of each isotope reveals: 4. 468 × 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > years for < sup > 238 </ sup > U compared to 7. 038 × 10 < sup > 8 </ sup > years for < sup > 235 </ sup > U and 245, 500 years for < sup > 234 </ sup > U. However, the natural abundance of a given isotope is also affected by the probability of its creation in nucleosynthesis ( as in the case of samarium ; radioactive < sup > 147 </ sup > Sm and < sup > 148 </ sup > Sm are much more abundant than stable < sup > 144 </ sup > Sm ) and by production of a given isotope by natural radioactive isotopes ( as in the case of radiogenic isotopes of lead ).

However, the relative abundance of calcite-and aragonite-using lineages does not reflect subsequent seawater chemistry – the magnesium / calcium ratio of the oceans appears to have a negligible impact on organisms ' success, which is instead controlled mainly by how well they recover from mass extinctions.

However, other factors may also control their distribution and abundance, including nutrients, disturbance from waves, grazing, and salinity.

However, the abundance of a species within a given box may vary as a function of time due to the input to ( or loss from ) the box or due to the production, consumption or decay of this species within the box.

However, the low abundance of heavy elements in the chromosphere of Epsilon Eridani is indicative of an older star, because the medium out of which stars form is steadily enriched by heavier elements produced by older generations of stars.

However, the low pH and abundance of lactobacilli may upset the intestines of people who are not used to eating acidic foods.

However the abundance of Life on Earth makes the habitable zones of exoplanetary systems of particular interest to exobiologists and the Search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

However, this hypothesis, which was initially proposed by Joseph Larmor in 1919, has been modified due to extensive studies of magnetic secular variation, paleomagnetism ( including polarity reversals ), seismology, and the solar system's abundance of elements.

However, its use for such purposes today is very rare, despite the mushroom's abundance.

However, in marshes of western New York, there was a significant ( p = 0. 041 ) negative relationship between percent flooded timber on a site and sora relative abundance.

However, in stands compared in 1996, the 95 % confidence intervals of eastern towhee relative abundance on the 2 sites had a substantial degree of overlap.

However, some parthenogenic species retain the ability to mate and are bisexual depending on the presence and abundance of males.

However, the abundance that had existed in Penobscot territory quickly disappeared as demand for the resources in the Penobscot homelands rose.

However, the mole-fraction abundance of oxygen in water is only 33 % because only 1 atom of 3 in water is an oxygen atom.

However, succeeding centuries provide an abundance of historical material.

However, Chadderton developed an abundance of civic institutions including public street lighting, Carnegie library, public swimming baths, and council with its own town hall.

Temperature and salinity have little affect on the survival of crown-of-thorns larvae However, abundance and species of the particular component of phytoplankton ( unicellular flagellates ) on which the larvae feed has a profound effect on survival and rate of growth.

However, any particular abundance structure will have an associated probability.

However, the species abundance along an envronmental gradient is not only determined by the abiotic factor but, also by the change in the biotic interactions along the environmental gradient.

However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.

However, there were also properties which could not be explained, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei.

However, in the brain ( part of the central nervous system ), the " basal ganglia " is a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem, associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.

However, due to lack of intermediate elements, this process requires three helium nuclei striking each other nearly simultaneously ( see triple alpha process ).

However, there are many cells where mitosis and cytokinesis occur separately, forming single cells with multiple nuclei.

However, neutrons almost invariably impact and are absorbed by other nuclei in the vicinity long before this happens ( newly created fission neutrons move at about 7 % of the speed of light, and even moderated neutrons move at about 8 times the speed of sound ).

However, stability of large systems with many electrons and many nuclei is a different matter, and requires the Pauli exclusion principle.

However, both slow and fast neutrons react with the atomic nuclei of many elements upon collision with those nuclei, creating unstable isotopes and therefore inducing radioactivity in a previously non-radioactive material.

However, physicists distinguish between atomic physics — which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons — and nuclear physics, which considers atomic nuclei alone.

However, aside from formulating the Hardy – Weinberg principle in population genetics, his famous work on integer partitions with his collaborator Ramanujan, known as the Hardy – Ramanujan asymptotic formula, has been widely applied in physics to find quantum partition functions of atomic nuclei ( first used by Niels Bohr ) and to derive thermodynamic functions of non-interacting Bose-Einstein systems.

However, the charged fragments ' high electric charge causes many inelastic collisions with nearby nuclei, and thus these fragments remain trapped inside the bomb's uranium pit and tamper until their motion is converted into x-ray heat, a process which takes about a millionth of a second ( a microsecond ).

However, in this fusion reaction 80 % of the energy, or 14 MeV, is in the motion of the neutron which, having no electric charge and being almost as massive as the hydrogen nuclei that created it, can escape the scene without leaving its energy behind to help sustain the reaction – or to generate x-rays for blast and fire.

However, all these assumptions are now in doubt with the identification of meiotic genes, evidence for recombination among isolates and the evidence for exchange of genetic material between nuclei during the process of encystation.

However, not all of the muons are recycled: some bond with other debris emitted following the fusion of the nuclei ( such as alpha particles and helions ), removing the muons from the catalytic process.

However, simple presence of multiple nuclei is not enough to support the theory.

However, supercooling tends to be less significant where there are particles that act as nuclei for ice crystals, thus precipitating rapid freezing.

However, haze particles may act as condensation nuclei for the subsequent formation of mist droplets ; such forms of haze are known as " wet haze.

However, due to the lack of intermediate elements, this process requires three helium nuclei striking each other nearly simultaneously ( see triple alpha process ).

Bowen suggested that some rainfall calendaricities might be explicable in terms of meteoric particles from cometary orbits acting as ice nuclei in terrestrial clouds ; his theory received support from a number of sources However, such work has now fallen out of favour due to modern dynamic modelling techniques, although articles are still being written reflecting an interest in the topic.

However the meaning of matter used here relates explicitly to substances made of atoms and molecules, disregarding the matter within the atomic nuclei and its nuclear reaction or matter within highly ionized plasmas.

However, a heterokaryon of nuclei from both of these diseases exhibits normal mucopolysaccharide metabolism, proving that the two syndromes affect different proteins and so can correct each other in the heterokaryon.

However, due to the imperfection of fabricating, impurities may be introduced in the magnets, which form nuclei.