The purchase of a manuscript collection in 1803 laid the foundation for what would become the Cantonal Library, which contains a Bible annotated by Huldrych Zwingli.

In the 16th century, Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Calvin inaugurated what has come to be called Protestantism.

This Reformed tradition was developed by several theologians such as Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli.

Along with Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli, Calvin influenced the doctrines of the Reformed churches.

However, his influence was first felt in the Swiss Reformation whose leader was Huldrych Zwingli.

Huldrych ( or Ulrich / Ulricht ) Zwingli ( 1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531 ) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.

The Swiss Confederation in Huldrych Zwingli ’ s time consisted of thirteen states ( cantons ) as well as affiliated states and common lordships.

Huldrych Zwingli was born on 1 January 1484 in Wildhaus, Switzerland in the Toggenburg valley to a family of farmers, the third child among nine siblings.

However, a doctrinal conflict had developed between Luther and Zurich reformer Huldrych Zwingli on the interpretation of the eucharist.

* 1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.

The Reformation in Switzerland began in 1523, led by Huldrych Zwingli, priest of the Great Minster church in Zürich since 1518.

Cranmer ’ s first contact with a Continental reformer was with Simon Grynaeus, a humanist based in Basel, Switzerland and a follower of the Swiss reformers, Huldrych Zwingli and Johannes Oecolampadius.

During the Protestant Reformation, the doctrine of transubstantiation was heavily criticised as an Aristotelian " pseudo-philosophy " imported into Christian teaching and jettisoned in favor of Martin Luther's doctrine of sacramental union, or in favor, per Huldrych Zwingli, of the Eucharist as memorial.

Huldrych Zwingli taught that the sacrament is purely symbolic and memorial in character, arguing that this was the meaning of Jesus ' instruction: " Do this in remembrance of me ".

# REDIRECT Huldrych Zwingli

Huldrych Zwingli, the Swiss religious reformer, is killed.

* October 10 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss reformer ( in battle ) ( born 1484 )

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli are considered Magisterial Reformers because their reform movements were supported by ruling authorities or " magistrates ".

* January 1 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss religious reformer ( d. 1531 )

As its title indicates, it was directed primarily against Melanchthon's Loci Communes, although it also concerned itself to some extent with the teachings of Huldrych Zwingli.

Some of the University's better-known students include: Christian Doppler, Kurt Adler, Franz Alt, Bruno Bettelheim, Rudolf Bing, Lucian Blaga, Josef Breuer, F. F. Bruce, Elias Canetti, Ivan Cankar, Otto Maria Carpeaux, Felix Ehrenhaft, Mihai Eminescu, Paul Feyerabend, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Ernst Gombrich, Kurt Gödel, Erich Göstl, Franz Grillparzer, Jörg Haider, Edmund Husserl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Marie Jahoda, Elfriede Jelinek, Percy Lavon Julian, Karl Kautsky, Elisabeth Kehrer, Hans Kelsen, Rudolf Kirchschläger, Arthur Koestler, Jernej Kopitar, Karl Kordesch, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Richard Kuhn, Paul Lazarsfeld, Gustav Mahler, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Lise Meitner, Gregor Mendel, Franz Mesmer, Franc Miklošič, Alois Mock, Matija Murko, Pope Pius III, Maxim Podoprigora, Hans Popper, Karl Popper, Otto Preminger, Wilhelm Reich, Peter Safar, Mordkhe Schaechter, Arthur Schnitzler, Albin Schram, Wolfgang Schüssel, Joseph Schumpeter, Theodor Herzl, John J. Shea, Jr., Adalbert Stifter, Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar, Kurt Waldheim, Otto Weininger, Stefan Zweig, and Huldrych Zwingli.

The 17th century saw a period of strict Lutheran orthodoxy in Denmark, with harsh punishments visited on suspected followers of either Calvinism or Huldrych Zwingli.

They are descended from the Swiss Reformation inaugurated by Huldrych Zwingli but developed more coherently by Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger and especially John Calvin.

Despite this, in January 1535, Catholic authorities found those classified as " Lutherans " actually to be Zwinglians, followers of Huldrych Zwingli.

Other confessions had acquired popular, if not legal, legitimacy in the intervening decades and by 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers ; the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest ; and the followers of Huldrych Zwingli were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

The best known among them included: Philip Melanchthon, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin, Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Andreas Karlstadt and Johannes Oecolampadius.

The word was used first in 1525 as an unofficial title of honor for Huldrych Zwingli in Zurich, then 1530 for Johannes Oecolampadius in Basle and 1532 for Heinrich Bullinger in Zurich.

" He became Huldrych Zwingli's assistant, and after more than a year of earnest preaching and four public disputations in which the popular verdict went in favour of Oecolampadius and his friends, the authorities of Basel began to see the need for Reformation.

The University of Zurich was founded on April 29, 1833, when the existing colleges of theology ( founded by Huldrych Zwingli in 1525 ), law and medicine were merged with a new faculty of Philosophy.

Between 1506 and 1516 the later reformer Huldrych Zwingli was priest in Glarus, but Glarus remained Catholic, and by 1564 all of Zwingli's followers were eliminated.

By 1555, the reforms proposed by Luther were no longer the only possibilities of religious expression: Anabaptists, such as the Frisian Menno Simons ( 1492 – 1559 ) and his followers, the followers of John Calvin, who were particularly strong in the southwest and the northwest, or those followers of Huldrych Zwingli, were excluded from considerations and protections under the Peace of Augsburg.

Others like Andreas Karlstadt were non-violent and had some theological interferences with Huldrych Zwingli.

* Valentine ( 1499 – 1555 ) was a pupil of Huldrych Zwingli, whom he afterwards succeeded as pastor of Glarus, where his services were attended by both Romanists and Protestants

Huldrych Zwingli a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland served in his first, Roman Catholic, ecclesiastical post in Glarus, starting around 1506.

After his return he first lived in Zürich, where he was an assistant to reformator Huldrych Zwingli.

He acted as a mediator between the two leading reformers, Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli, who differed on the doctrine of the eucharist.

Notable works include portraits of Huldrych Zwingli and Zwingli's daughter Regula Gwalter, which came into the ownership of the public library of Zurich.

He was disposed, like Huldrych Zwingli, to extend the grace of God beyond the limits of the visible Church, inasmuch as God by his general providence operates upon the heathen, as in the case of, and may produce in them a sort of unconscious Christianity, a faith without knowledge ; while within the Church he operates more fully and clearly through the means of grace.

Besides Luther and Zwingli, the reformers Johannes Agricola, Johannes Brenz, Dan Bornfeld, Martin Bucer, Caspar Hedio, Justus Jonas, Philipp Melanchthon, Johannes Oecolampadius, and Andreas Osiander participated in the meeting.

In January 1528 Oecolampadius and Zwingli took part in the disputation at Bern which led to the adoption of the new faith in that canton, and in the following year to the discontinuance of the Mass at Basel.

It was in Glarus, whose soldiers were used as mercenaries in Europe, that Zwingli became involved in politics.

Though followers of Zwingli and Calvin were more severe in their rejection, Lutherans tended to be moderate: many of their parishes displayed statues and crucifixes.

Puritans adopted a Reformed theology and in that sense were Calvinists ( as many of their earlier opponents were, too ), but also took note of radical views critical of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva.

Zwingli and Calvin were supported by the city councils in Zurich and Geneva.

The two above-mentioned Reddicks were the sons of Ulrich Zwingli Reddick ( born May, 1807 as a Readick ) and Sarah Rose Mills of Beach Island, old Edgefield District ( now a part of Aiken County ), South Carolina.

Hundreds of soldiers were killed, including Zwingli himself.

When they met Zwingli's forces on 11 October 1531 at the Second War of Kappel, the catholic forces were victorious and Zwingli was killed.

It was in Glarus, whose soldiers were used as mercenaries in Europe, that Zwingli became involved in politics.

While Manz stated that he wished " to bring together those who were willing to accept Christ, obey the Word, and follow in His footsteps, to unite with these by baptism, and to leave the rest in their present conviction ", Zwingli and the council accused him of obstinately refusing " to recede from his error and caprice ".

In this book he clearly shows the personal foibles and misguided conclusions of Luther, Zwingli and the other Protestant reformers Reformation, and proves that the Protestants were responsible for the general unrest in Germany during the 16th and 17th centuries.

This schism and the defeat of Zürich in the Second War of Kappel in 1531, where Zwingli was killed on the battlefield, were a serious setback, ultimately limiting Zwinglianism to parts of the Swiss confederacy and preventing its adoption in areas north of the river Rhine.

As the Reformation began to spread and gain ground, new actions were being taken to purge Catholic influence and on April 11, 1525, Jud appeared before the Zurich magistrates with Zwingli, Kaspar Megander, Oswald Myconius and others, petitioning for abolition of the mass.

Although the two prominent reformers, Luther and Zwingli, found a consensus on fourteen points, they kept differing on the last one pertaining to the Eucharist: Luther maintained that by Sacramental Union, the consecrated bread and wine in the Lord's Supper were united to the true body and blood of Christ for all communicants to eat and drink ; whereas, Zwingli considered bread and wine only symbols of the body and blood of Christ.