The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides " The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

Category: Human rights abuses

* Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir

* Human rights in Chile

* Human rights in Cuba

Category: Human rights

Human rights or civil liberties form a crucial part of a country's constitution and govern the rights of the individual against the state.

It alleged that Americas Watch gave too much credence to alleged Contra abuses and systematically tried to discredit Nicaraguan human rights groups such as the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, which blamed the major human rights abuses on the Sandinistas.

Human Rights Watch, the umbrella organization of Americas Watch, replied to these allegations: " Almost invariably, U. S. pronouncements on human rights exaggerated and distorted the real human rights violations of the Sandinista regime, and exculpated those of the U. S .- supported insurgents, known as the contras ....

Category: Human rights

Category: Human rights in France

Category: Human rights abuses

Category: Human rights abuses

Although President Obiang signed a national anti-torture decree in 2006 to ban all forms of abuse and improper treatment in Equatorial Guinea and commissioned the renovation and modernization of Black Beach prison in 2007 to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners, human rights abuses continue. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International among other non-governmental organizations have documented severe human rights abuses in prisons, including torture, beatings, unexplained deaths and illegal detention.

Human rights organisations have raised concerns over the well-being of some of these prisoners.

The European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ) ( formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

First, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the convention, drawing on the inspiration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be seen as part of a wider response of the Allied Powers in delivering a human rights agenda through which it was believed that the most serious human rights violations which had occurred during the Second World War ( most notably, the Holocaust ) could be avoided in the future.

With his help, French former minister and Resistance fighter Pierre-Henri Teitgen submitted a report to the Assembly proposing a list of rights to be protected, selecting a number from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights just agreed to in New York, and defining how the enforcing judicial mechanism might operate.

Indeed, these Four Freedoms were explicitly incorporated into the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which reads, " Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed the highest aspiration of the common people ,...."

Human rights activists and other civil society advocates, as well as some Parliamentarians, became more outspoken during a period referred to as " Damascus Spring " ( July 2000-February 2001 ).

According to the Israeli Human Rights activists, Jewish settlements in the Ramallah area, such as Beit El and Psagot, prevented the expansion of the city and cut it off from the surrounding villages.

In 1947, when the United Kingdom adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ), LGBT activists clung to its concept of equal, inalienable rights for all people, regardless of their race, gender, or sexual orientation.

Human rights activists have used direct action in the ongoing campaign to close the School of the Americas, renamed in 2001 the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.

Because the death squads involved were found to have been soldiers of the Salvadoran military security forces, which were receiving U. S. arms, funding, training and advice during the Carter, Reagan and Bush administrations, these events prompted some outrage in the U. S. Human rights activists criticized U. S. administrations for denying Salvadoran government links to the death squads.

Human rights activists claim that Russian police use torture techniques to extract false confessions from detainees.

More than 100 volunteer doctors, nurses, psychologists, medical students and other medical professionals from the Medical Committee for Human Rights ( MCHR ) provided emergency care for volunteers and local activists, taught health education classes, and advocated improvements in Mississippi's segregated health system.

In 2007, Ambon resident Leonard Joni Sinay was sentenced to fifteen years ' imprisonment for treason after he and other activists protested a visit by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono with a dance and a raising of the banned regional flag ; both Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International called for his release, the latter organization designating him a prisoner of conscience.

China blocked by police protest over ineffective drug treatments, cancelled meetings on HIV groups, closured office of the AIDS organization, and detained or put under house arrest prominent AIDS activists such as 2005 Reebok Human Rights Award winner Li Dan, eighty-year old AIDS activist Dr. Gao Yaojie, and the husband-and-wife HIV activist team of Hu Jia ( activist ) and Zeng Jinyan.

Non-governmental organization, including the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan ( HRCP ) and local activists, are creating a greater awareness of the Zikri predicament and aim to forestall backlash against this scattered and impoverished community.

Human rights activists called for a cancellation of 2012 race due to reports of alleged human rights abuses committed by the Bahraini authorities, team personnel also voiced concerns about safety.

Human rights activists called for a cancellation of the 2012 Bahrain Grand Prix, which took place on 22 April, because of reports of ongoing use of excessive force by authorities and torture in detention.

Human rights groups and activists in Pakistan have also criticized the bill saying that " The so-called Women's Protection Bill is a farcical attempt at making the Hudood Ordinance palatable ".

Human rights issues remain a concern among members of the world community and Chinese activists.

In 2006, Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights activists Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khadzhiev were arrested by Turkmenistani security forces on espionage charges, later changed to illegal firearm charges.

During the 1990s, Human Rights First continued to publicize the obstacles faced by human rights activists and report on unjust legal systems around the world.

As one of the founders of the Fair Labor Association, whose members include corporations as well as human rights and other public interest organizations, Human Rights First has been criticized by other human rights activists, union leaders and the press for being co-opted by those responsible for human rights abuses.

Human Rights First is working with local human rights activists in Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Guatemala, Iran and Thailand, the organization ’ s focus countries, to help reinforce their advocacy efforts.

Gay activists accuse him of homophobia and sent their appeals to the European Court of Human Rights, complaining the breach of Freedom of Assembly, which is granted in the European Convention on Human Rights.

In 1969, a group of about 14 activists including Sergei Kovalyov, a future Russian human rights ombudsman, constituted the Action Group for the Defence of Human Rights in the USSR.

International human rights groups including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International described the charges as a politically motivated attempt to intimidate other SRP activists.

" A number of the groups and individuals directly involved in the revolts and reforms sweeping the region, including the April 6 Youth Movement in Egypt, the Bahrain Center for Human Rights and grass-roots activists like Entsar Qadhi, a youth leader in Yemen, received training and financing from groups like the International Republican Institute, the National Democratic Institute and Freedom House, a nonprofit human rights organization based in Washington, according to interviews in recent weeks and American diplomatic cables obtained by WikiLeaks .” </ BLOCKQUOTE >

Human rights activists have alleged that the practice amounts to kidnapping for the purpose of torture, or torture by proxy.