The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court, claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides " The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

Category: Human rights abuses

* Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir

* Human rights in Chile

* Human rights in Cuba

Category: Human rights

Human rights or civil liberties form a crucial part of a country's constitution and govern the rights of the individual against the state.

It alleged that Americas Watch gave too much credence to alleged Contra abuses and systematically tried to discredit Nicaraguan human rights groups such as the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, which blamed the major human rights abuses on the Sandinistas.

Human Rights Watch, the umbrella organization of Americas Watch, replied to these allegations: " Almost invariably, U. S. pronouncements on human rights exaggerated and distorted the real human rights violations of the Sandinista regime, and exculpated those of the U. S .- supported insurgents, known as the contras ....

Category: Human rights

Category: Human rights in France

Category: Human rights abuses

Category: Human rights abuses

Although President Obiang signed a national anti-torture decree in 2006 to ban all forms of abuse and improper treatment in Equatorial Guinea and commissioned the renovation and modernization of Black Beach prison in 2007 to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners, human rights abuses continue. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International among other non-governmental organizations have documented severe human rights abuses in prisons, including torture, beatings, unexplained deaths and illegal detention.

Human rights organisations have raised concerns over the well-being of some of these prisoners.

The European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ) ( formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe.

First, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the convention, drawing on the inspiration of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be seen as part of a wider response of the Allied Powers in delivering a human rights agenda through which it was believed that the most serious human rights violations which had occurred during the Second World War ( most notably, the Holocaust ) could be avoided in the future.

With his help, French former minister and Resistance fighter Pierre-Henri Teitgen submitted a report to the Assembly proposing a list of rights to be protected, selecting a number from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights just agreed to in New York, and defining how the enforcing judicial mechanism might operate.

Indeed, these Four Freedoms were explicitly incorporated into the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which reads, " Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed the highest aspiration of the common people ,...."

The Christian Science Monitor reports that " Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs " in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System ( HTS ) program ; in addition, HTS teams are working with the US military in Iraq.

On August 21, 2008, the US Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) proposed new code sets to be used for reporting diagnoses and procedures on health care transactions.

* 1979 – The Department of Education Organization Act is signed into law creating the US Department of Education and US Department of Health and Human Services.

The CIIR report also questioned the independence of the Permanent Commission on Human Rights, referring to an article in the Washington Post which claims that the National Endowment for Democracy, an organization funded by the US government, allocated a concession of US $ 50, 000 for assistance in the translation and distribution outside Nicaragua of its monthly report, and that these funds were administered by Prodemca, a US-based organization which later published full-page adverisments in the Washington Post and New York Times supporting military aid to the Contras.

Three percent of the 3, 475 research institutions that report to the US Department of Health and Human Services ' Office of Research Integrity, indicate some form of scientific misconduct.

A Human Rights Watch report of 1 February 2000 quotes a study made by the US Defense Intelligence Agency:

* August 18 – The second Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female, is published in the US.

On 1 June 2006 the US Department of Health and Human Services awarded a $ 363 million contract with Cangene Corporation for 200, 000 doses of Heptavalent Botulinum Antitoxin over five years for delivery into the Strategic National Stockpile beginning in 2007.

As a social activist, Bono became a spokesperson for the Human Rights Campaign, promoted National Coming Out Day, campaigned for the reelection of Bill Clinton for US President, campaigned against the Defense of Marriage Act, and served as Entertainment Media Director for the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ).

In 1977 the US Congress created the National Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research to investigate allegations that psychosurgery — including lobotomy techniques — were used to control minorities and restrain individual rights.

Prescott was a health scientist administrator at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( NICHD ), one of the Institutes of the US National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) from 1966 to 1980.

In 2004 the Director of Military Personnel Policy for the US Army acknowledged in a letter to Human Rights Watch that nearly 60 17-year old US soldiers had been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003 and 2004.

Human Rights Watch sent written requests in April and August 2007 for updated information regarding possible deployment of 17-year-old US troops to Iraq or Afghanistan, but as of October 2007 had not

Human Rights Watch charges that, " the US government incarcerated him with adults, reportedly subjected him to abusive interrogations, failed to provide him any educational opportunities, and denied him any direct contact with his family.

Tsinghua was ranked the 47th worldwide by QS World University Rankings in 2011, 58th worldwide by Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2010, 36th worldwide in Human Resources & Labor Review's Best World Universities 2010, 49th worldwide by US News and World Report ( USNEWS ), 13th worldwide in the category of engineering and IT by USNEWS, 2009, and ranked 151 – 200 Worldwide in the Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2010.

His association with Amnesty continued throughout the 1980s and beyond and he was a pioneering participant in many of Amnesty's Human Rights Concerts – a series of music events and tours staged by the US Section of Amnesty International between 1986 and 1998.

1978 also saw the release of UK band The Human League's début single " Being Boiled ", and in the US Devo began moving towards a more electronic sound.

Other international hits include: " Love Action ", " Open Your Heart ", " Mirror Man ", " Fascination ", " The Lebanon ", " Human " ( a US No. 1 ) and " Tell Me When ".

It provided a US No. 1 single, " Human " ( No. 8 in the UK ), but other singles made smaller chart impact.

At the end of 2005, the band together with EMI released a compilation album of remixes called The Human League Original Remixes and Rarities aimed at the DJ / Dance market in the US and UK.

It was during this second ' Beijing Spring ' that the China Democracy Party was founded and legally registered by some local authorities, Democracy Wall dissident Wei Jingsheng was released and exiled, China signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and China was visited by US President Bill Clinton and UN Human Rights Commissioner Mary Robinson.

Positive results from some of these tests have been accepted by regulatory bodies, such as the British Health and Safety Executive and US Department of Health and Human Services, without testing on live animals, but negative results ( no irritation ) required further in vivo testing.