A year later, buoyed by excellent results and a silver medal prize in the Apothecaries ' yearly competition, Huxley was admitted to study at Charing Cross Hospital, where he obtained a small scholarship.

In contrast, Huxley would later write that no others were admitted to the group because it was agreed that the name of any new member would have to contain " all the consonants absent from the names of the old ones.

The term clade was introduced in 1958 by Julian Huxley after having been coined by Lucien Cuénot in 1940, cladistic by Cain and Harrison in 1960, and cladist ( for an adherent of Hennig's school ) by Mayr in 1965.

Modern commentators on the case, such as the author Aldous Huxley, have argued that the accusations began after Grandier refused to become the spiritual director of the convent, unaware that the Mother Superior, Sister Jeanne of the Angels, had become obsessed with him, having seen him from afar and heard of his sexual exploits.

Though not nearly so prominent as Huxley in controversy over philosophical problems, Tyndall played his part in communicating to the educated public what he thought were the virtues of having a clear separation between science ( knowledge & rationality ) and religion ( faith & spirituality ).

Francis Galton, having caught the fad for Spiritualism, arranged a séance in January 1874 at Erasmus's house with those attending including Charles, Hensleigh Wedgwood and Thomas Huxley.

In the epilogue to his novel The Devils of Loudon published earlier that year, Huxley had written that drugs were “ toxic short cuts to self-transcendence ” For the Canadian writer George Woodcock, Huxley had changed his opinion because mescaline was not addictive and appeared to be without unpleasant physical or mental side-effects, further he had found that hypnosis, autohypnosis and meditation had apparently failed to produce the results he wanted.

Huxley had been planning to leave Oxford on the previous day, but, after an encounter with Robert Chambers, the author of Vestiges, he changed his mind and decided to join the debate.

In a letter to Nature, written to refute an article saying that the Draize test had not changed much since the 1940s, Professor Sir Andrew Huxley wrote: " A substance expected from its chemical nature to be seriously painful must not be tested in this way ; the test is permissible only if the substance has already been shown not to cause pain when applied to skin, and in vitro pre-screening tests are recommended, such as a test on an isolated and perfused eye.

Huxley was not going to wait for the meeting, but met Chambers who accused him of " deserting them " and changed his mind.

Huxley was “ shrewd, matter-of-fact and to the point ” and his wife Maria " eminently sensible ".

After Osmond ’ s departure, Huxley and Maria left to go on a three-week, 5, 000-mile car trip around the national parks of the North West of the USA.

The Doors of Perception was the first book Huxley dedicated to his wife Maria.

* Aldous Huxley, English author ( 1894 – 1963 ), married Maria Nys from Sint-Truiden and briefly resided on the town's central square

Left to right: Lady Ottoline Morrell, Maria Nys ( later Mrs. Aldous Huxley ), Lytton Strachey, Duncan Grant, and Vanessa Bell.

* The writer Aldous Huxley and his first wife Maria, with Mary Hutchinson a friend of Clive Bell.

She also had Aldous and Maria Huxley as houseguests, and encouraged Huxley to stay in California and continue to write there.

In 1937 he emigrated to the United States, accompanied by Aldous Huxley, Huxley's wife Maria, and their son Matthew Huxley, to give some lectures at Duke University.

" For Steven J. Novak, The Doors Of Perception ( and Heaven and Hell ) redefined taking mescaline ( and LSD, although Huxley had not taken it until after he had written both books ) as a mystical experience with possible psychotherapeutic benefits, where physicians had previously thought of the drug in terms of mimicking a psychotic episode, known as psychotomimetic.

In the field of religion, Huxley ’ s friend and spiritual mentor, the Vedantic monk Swami Prabhavananda, thought that mescaline was an illegitimate path to enlightenment, a " deadly heresy " as Christopher Isherwood put it.

Soon after the publication of his book, Huxley wrote to Harold Raymond at Chatto and Windus that he thought it strange that when Hilaire Belloc and G. K. Chesterton wrote the praises of alcohol they were still considered good Christians, while anyone who suggested other routes to self-transcendence was accused of being a drug addict and perverter of mankind.

Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for " extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated " and coining the term " Darwinism " as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science.

In 1941 Huxley was invited to the United States on a lecturing tour, and generated some controversy by saying that he thought the United States should join World War II: a few weeks later came the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Huxley thought that sexual selection was "... merely an aspect of natural selection which ... is concerned with characters which subserve mating, and are usually sex-limited ".

Huxley thought he was " the only man who can carry out my work ", and that the deaths of Balfour and W. K.

Huxley assisted with an update on ape-brain inheritance, which Huxley thought " pounds the enemy into a jelly ... though none but anatomists " would know it.

According to Flanagan, “ The ‘ old mysterians ’ were dualists who thought that consciousness cannot be understood scientifically because it operates according to nonnatural principles and possesses nonnatural properties .” Apparently, some apply the terms to thinkers throughout history who suggested some aspect of consciousness may not be knowable or discoverable, including Gottfried Leibniz, Samuel Johnson, and Thomas Huxley.

After Huxley the most important influence on his thought was August Weismann, the German zoologist who rejected Lamarkism, and wholeheartedly advocated natural selection as the key force in evolution at a time when other biologists had doubts.

Gray denied that investigation of physical causes stood opposed to the theological view and the study of the harmonies between mind and Nature, and thought it " most presumable that an intellectual conception realized in Nature would be realized through natural agencies ".. Thomas Huxley, who strongly promoted Darwin's ideas while campaigning to end the dominance of science by the clergy, coined the term agnostic to describe his position that God's existence is unknowable, and Darwin also took this position, but evolution was also taken up by prominent atheists including Edward Aveling and Ludwig Büchner and it was criticised, in the words of one reviewer, as " tantamount to atheism ".

Huxley thought he had discovered a new organic substance and named it Bathybius haeckelii, in honor of German philosopher Ernst Haeckel.

As well as attacking Darwin's " disciples " Hooker and Huxley, he thought that the book symbolised the sort of " abuse of science to which a neighbouring nation, some seventy years since, owed its temporary degradation.

Huxley continued with his lectures to the working men, and a member of the audience took notes and published six fourpenny pamphlets which were brought together into a book which Darwin thought " capitally written ...

The general opinion today is that man is more closely related to apes than even Huxley thought.

With Huxley's assistance he updated the Descent on ape-brain inheritance, which Huxley thought " pounds the enemy into a jelly ... though none but anatomists " would know it.

Galton thought it a " good séance " and Erasmus dabbled in " spirit photographs ", but Charles remained convinced that it was " all imposture ", as Huxley and George proved at a second séance.

As Huxley believes that contemplation should also include action and charity, he concludes that the experience represents contemplation at its height, but not its fullness.

Leary promulgated the idea of such substances as a panacea, while Huxley suggested that only the cultural and intellectual elite should partake of entheogens systematically.

Concerning a public health and racial policy in general, Huxley wrote that "... unless societies invent and enforce adequate measures for regulating human reproduction, for controlling the quantity of population, and at least preventing the deterioration of quality of racial stock, they are doomed to decay ..." and remarked how biology should be the chief tool for rendering social politics scientific.

There is evidence from letters that Charles Darwin was aware that Wickham had these tortoises, as he sent a letter to Huxley in 1860 informing him that he should speak with Wickham in Paris about the last of the tortoises from the 1835 expedition because he had them.

When Huxley joined the Zoological Society Council in 1861, Owen left, and in the following year Huxley moved to stop Owen from being elected to the Royal Society Council as " no body of gentlemen " should admit a member " guilty of wilful & deliberate falsehood.

Put simply, Huxley rejects the idea that man should occupy an order separate from the apes.