Hydrotherapy, especially as promoted during the height of its Victorian revival, has often been associated with the use of cold water, as evidenced by many titles from that era.

Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy, is a part of medicine, in particular of occupational therapy and physiotherapy, that involves the use of water for pain relief and treatment.

Fearing that Malvern would become the " Metropolis of Hydrotherapy ", a Malvern Hills Act had been secured in parliament in 1884 and later Acts empowered the Malvern Hills Conservators to acquire land to prevent further encroachment on common land and by 1925 they had bought much of the manorial wastelands.

After the construction and opening of the Grand Hôtel in 1859, the first casino was built and the grandly named " Hydrotherapy " baths which were managed by François Blanc.

Hydrotherapy, practised in the region since antiquity, is also quite developed.

The Jacuzzi corporate web site credits Roy Jacuzzi with the invention instead, However, the patent for the first portable Jacuzzi was filed in 1963, Patent # 3, 159, 849 and also for the first self-contained Jacuzzi Whirlpool filed in 1964 and marketed in 1968 as the first Hydrotherapy Tub states Candido Jacuzzi as the inventor.

In 1895 the Hotel Therapia was opened with 120 beds and the Hydrotherapy Institute.

Hydrotherapy and all types of shock treatment were halted.

In all, Cuba continues to have formal relations with 160 nations, and provided civilian assistance workers – principally medical – in more than 20 nations.

In German language-speaking countries, the word Doktor refers to a research doctorate awardee in formal language ( similar to a PhD ), and is distinct from Arzt, a medical practitioner.

None of these treat sex as the subject of a formal field of scientific or medical research, however.

If the software is safety-critical and can have negative impact on human life ( e. g., nuclear power systems, medical equipment ), more formal requirements documentation is often required.

Woodhull practiced medicine in Ohio at a time when the state did not require formal medical education and licensing.

The Constitution limits the formal powers and role of Vice President to becoming President should the President become unable to serve ( due to the death, resignation, or medical impairment of the President ), prompting the well-known expression " only a heartbeat away from the Presidency ", and to acting as the presiding officer of the U. S. Senate.

Non-physical or psychiatric injury can be considered " bodily harm " whether " actual " or " grievous ", but there must be formal medical evidence to verify the injury.

In medical or formal circumstances explicit agreement by means of signature which may normally be relied upon legally, regardless of actual consent, is the norm.

Necessary tools for proper health information coding and management include clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and computers and other information and communication technologies.

In all, Cuba continues to have formal relations with 160 nations, and provided civilian assistance workers – principally medical – in more than 20 nations.

In most cases these ambulances were operated by drivers and attendants with little or no medical training, and it was some time before formal training began to appear in some units.

David Dale Owen ( 1807 – 1860 ), third son of Robert Owen, finished his formal education as a medical doctor in 1837.

In patients with medical rather than surgical illness, LMWH too is known to prevent thrombosis, and in the United Kingdom the Chief Medical Officer has issued guidance to the effect that preventative measures should be used in medical patients, in anticipation of formal guidelines.

In addition to his childhood instruction, Cheng Man-ch ' ing received formal Chinese medical training.

In November Phillips made a formal request to his superiors in England for permission to invade Benin City, and, in late December 1896, without waiting for a reply or approval from London, Phillips embarked on a military expedition with two Niger Coast Protectorate Force officers, a medical officer, two trading agents, 250 African soldiers masquerading in part as porters, and in part as a drum and pipe band.

Soon, Mantell began his formal medical education in London.

Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems.

Conflict between formal and substantive approaches manifested itself in backlashes, sometimes described as reverse discrimination, such as the Bakke case when a white male applicant to medical school sued on the basis of being denied admission because of a quota system preferring minority applicants.

This system ( which applies only to surgeons, not physicians ) has its origins in the 16th century, when surgeons were barber-surgeons and did not have a medical degree ( or indeed any formal qualification ), unlike physicians, who held a University medical degree.

The formal medical name for removal of a woman's entire reproductive system ( ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus ) is " Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy ( TAH-BSO ); the more casual term for such a surgery is " ovariohysterectomy ".

In the case of UK medical practitioners, the government has recently proposed that they should all be legally required to produce formal proof, every five years, that they are upgrading their standard of practise.

The Doctor of Science research degree is earned with the formal dissertation defense and approval of a committee on the basis of original research and publications, and it is awarded predominantly in doctoral-level science programs, such as engineering, medical and health sciences, and health economics.

Completion of formal specialty training in Kenya is followed by two years of supervised clinical work before one can apply for recognition as a specialist, in their respective field, by the medical board.

* FDR and FDR2 ( Failures-Divergences Refinement ), a model-checking software tool to check formal models expressed in communicating sequential processes

LR parsers are mechanically generated from a formal grammar for the language by some parser generator tool.

Uses of the information obtained from the analysis vary from highlighting possible coding errors ( e. g., the lint tool ) to formal methods that mathematically prove properties about a given program ( e. g., its behavior matches that of its specification ).

* SPIN model checker, a tool for formal verification of distributed software systems

Critics of Kahneman and Tversky such as Gerd Gigerenzer argue that heuristics should not lead us to conceive of human thinking as riddled with irrational cognitive biases, but rather to conceive rationality as an adaptive tool that is not identical to the rules of formal logic or the probability calculus.

In computer science, a compiler-compiler or compiler generator is a tool that creates a parser, interpreter, or compiler from some form of formal description of a language and machine.

In 2005, the authors of the Boyer-Moore family of provers, which includes ACL2, received the ACM Software System Award " for pioneering and engineering a most effective theorem prover (...) as a formal methods tool for verifying safety-critical hardware and software.

In the formation of a TAZ, Bey argues, information becomes a key tool that sneaks into the cracks of formal procedures.

The systematic testing tool TPT offers one way to perform formal test-verification and validation process to stimulate Simulink models but also during the development phase where the developer generates inputs to test the system.

The core advantage of a View is that it can be based on pretty much any formal tool.

The Analysis and Renovation Catalyst tool from IBM has taken this capability even further via the use of formal grammars and Abstract Syntax Trees to enable almost any program to be parsed and tokenized into a View for inclusion into the Inventory.

A critic of the work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, he argues that heuristics should not lead us to conceive of human thinking as riddled with irrational cognitive biases, but rather to conceive rationality as an adaptive tool that is not identical to the rules of formal logic or the probability calculus.

Typically, a formal equivalence checking tool will also indicate with great precision at which point there exists a difference between two representations.

The initial matrix package proved a very useful system testing tool as it was able to generate lengthy performance checks well before more formal test packages which were subsequently developed.

In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by man-machine collaboration.

With a consulting landscape architect, Vizcaya has too finished a comprehensive cultural landscape report, which will be a vital tool in the ongoing restoration of the formal gardens.

This means fuzz testing is an assurance of overall quality, rather than a bug-finding tool, and not a substitute for exhaustive testing or formal methods.

It is primarily a pedagogical tool, similar to a formal book report.

Reflective practice can be an important tool in practice-based professional learning settings where individuals learning from their own professional experiences, rather than from formal teaching or knowledge transfer, may be the most important source of personal professional development and improvement.

This book is not really for beginners, but graduate students with some minimal experience in set theory and formal logic will find it a valuable self-teaching tool, particularly in regards to forcing.

There is an extensive literature on normality testing, but as a practical matter many experienced data analysts sidestep formal testing and assess the feasibility of a normal model by using a graphical tool such as a Q-Q plot.

Even though the tool is founded on formal methods, the suppliers claim that advanced mathematical knowledge is not a prerequisite.