This technical leadership and the rivalry with IBM was emphasized when the Systempro server was launched in late 1989-this was a true server product with standard support for a second CPU and RAID, but also the first product to feature the EISA bus, designed in reaction to IBM's MCA ( MicroChannel Architecture ).

It was announced in September 1988 by a consortium of PC clone vendors ( the " Gang of Nine ") as a counter to IBM's use of its proprietary Micro Channel architecture ( MCA ) in its PS / 2 series.

A few manufacturers did produce licensed MCA machines ( most notably NCR ), but overall the industry balked at IBM's restrictions.

* IBM's 1987 introduction of the incompatible and proprietary MicroChannel Architecture ( MCA ) computer bus, for its Personal System / 2 ( PS / 2 ) line.

As the market evolved, however, despite the failure of MCA, IBM derived a considerable income from license fees from companies who paid for licenses to use IBM patents that were in the PC design — to the extent that IBM's emphasis changed from discouraging PC clones to maximizing its revenue from license sales.

IBM's competitors jointly responded by introducing the EISA expansion system which, unlike MCA, was fully compatible with the existing ISA cards.

EISA extends the AT bus, which the Gang of Nine retroactively renamed to the ISA bus to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer, to 32 bits and allows more than one CPU to share the bus.

In 1988, the Gang of Nine IBM PC compatible manufacturers put forth the 32-bit EISA standard and in the process retroactively renamed the AT bus to " ISA " to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer.

IBM used PReP and CHRP for PCI version of IBM's RS / 6000 platform, from existing Micro Channel architecture models, and changed only to support the new 60x bus style of the PowerPC.

The PC clone market did not want to pay royalties to IBM in order to use this new technology, and for desktop machines vendors of PC-compatibles stayed largely with the 16-bit AT bus, ( embraced and renamed as ISA to avoid IBM's " AT " trademark ) and manual configuration, although the VESA Local Bus was briefly popular for Intel ' 486 machines.

Some major manufacturers, known as the Gang of Nine, decided to group together and decide on a bus type that would be open to all manufacturers, as fast as or faster than IBM's Microchannel, and yet still retain backward compatibility with ISA.

The popularity of IBM's first personal computers made the ISA bus, first used on the IBM PC in 1981 and later extended to 16-bit in 1984 with the IBM PC / AT, the undisputed standard expansion bus for personal computers shortly after.

The company moved from a proprietary data bus architecture in favor of IBM's AT-bus, as used in the second generation of IBM PCs, and was simultaneously embracing RISC technology moving towards high-end processors, eventually producing the PRISM line.

He is regarded as IBM's leading expert on symmetric multiprocessing ( SMP ) system structures, cache / memory hierarchies and system bus protocols.

AIX / 370 was IBM's third attempt to offer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line, specifically the System / 370 ( the prior versions were a TSS / 370 based Unix system developed jointly with AT & T c. 1980, and VM / IX a VM / 370 based system developed jointly with Interactive Systems Corporation c. 1984 ).

IBM's Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( usually abbreviated EBCDIC ) is an 8-bit encoding scheme developed in 1963.

The IBM 3270 display terminal subsystem was designed and developed by IBM's Kingston, NY, laboratory ( which later closed during IBM's difficult time in the mid-1990s ).

It was developed by IBM, but is unrelated to IBM's other mainframe operating systems, e. g., VSE, VM.

SGML descended from IBM's Generalized Markup Language ( GML ), which Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, and Raymond Lorie developed in the 1960s.

Watson developed IBM's distinctive management style and corporate culture, and turned the company into a highly-effective selling organization, based largely around punched card tabulating machines.

Although announced in 1988, the AS / 400 remains IBM's most recent major architectural shift that was developed wholly internally.

In 1972 a team at Diablo Systems led by engineer David S. Lee developed the first commercially successful daisy wheel printer, a device that was faster and more flexible than IBM's golf-ball devices, being capable of 30 cps ( characters per second ), whereas IBM's Selectric operated at 13. 4 cps.

During its first year, IBM persuaded Taligent to replace its internally developed object-oriented microkernel, called Opus, with the microkernel that IBM was using as the base for IBM's Workplace OS.

* CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP / CMS operating system, which went into production use in 1967.

CMS was originally developed as part of IBM's CP / CMS operating system.

Standard transaction-processing software, notably IBM's Information Management System, was first developed in the 1960s, and was often closely coupled to particular database management systems.

MAPICS, the Manufacturing and Planning Integrated Control System, was a popular S / 34 application, as were CMAS and DMAS II, all developed at IBM's offices in Menlo Park.

This originates from the confusion with NetBIOS Extended User Interface, an extension to the NetBIOS API that was originally developed in conjunction with the NBF protocol ; both the protocol and the NetBEUI emulator were originally developed to allow NetBIOS programs to run over IBM's new token ring network.

* Hermes ( programming language ), a distributed programming language developed at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center from 1986 through 1992

CP-67 was the control program portion of CP / CMS, a virtual machine operating system developed for the IBM System / 360-67 by IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center.

* the hierarchical data management technique, implemented in IBM's IMS data management system, developed by Dr R. R. Brown ( Rockwell International );

For example, the SQL: 1999 standard includes recursive queries, and the Magic Sets algorithm ( initially developed for the faster evaluation of Datalog queries ) is implemented in IBM's DB2.

A fully compliant PL / S compiler was developed by Fujitsu Ltd in the late-1970s, using IBM's PL / I Optimizer compiler source code as a starting point.

In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that ( among other infractions ) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into AIX ; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX.

By late 1983 it was clear that IBM's Token Ring would not be ready in time for the launch of the Mac, and might miss the launch of these other products as well.

TWA canceled the project in 1970, acquiring one IBM System / 360 Model 75, two IBM System / 360 model 65s, and IBM's PARS software for its reservations system.

Overall, it has been suggested that the purchase of Compaq was not a good move for HP, due to the narrow profit margins in the commoditized PC business, especially in light of IBM's 2005 announcement to sell its PC division to Lenovo.

Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. ( born April 19, 1931 ) is a software engineer and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System / 360 family of computers and the OS / 360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month.

Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.

Dorothy might have believed that the company could not deliver CP / M-86 on IBM's proposed schedule, as the company was busy developing an implementation of the PL / I programming language for Data General.

Allen had 86-DOS adapted for IBM's hardware, and IBM shipped it as PC-DOS.

The second generation ( transistor-based ) products were a mainstay of IBM's business and IBM continued to make them for several years after the introduction of the System / 360.

Some of IBM's engineers and other employees wanted to use the IBM 801 processor, some would prefer the new Motorola 68000, while others argued for a small and simple microprocessor, such as the MOS Technology 6502 or Zilog Z80, which had been used in earlier personal computers.

However shielded twisted pair was used in IBM's Token Ring implementation, and in 1984 StarLAN showed the potential of simple unshielded twisted pair by using Cat3 — the same simple cable used for telephone systems.

* Micronetics Design Corporation with a product line called MSM for UNIX and Intel PC platforms ( later ported to IBM's VM operating system, VAX-VMS platforms and Alpha-VMS platforms )

Other MultiMate products included foreign language versions of the software ( i. e., " MultiTexto " in Spanish ), a hardware interface card for file-transfer with Wang systems and versions of MultiMate for different PC clone MS-DOS computers, and for use on Novell, 3COM and IBM's PC Token Ring networks.

Mach 3 led to a number of efforts to port other operating systems parts for the microkernel, including IBM's Workplace OS and several efforts by Apple Computer to build a cross-platform version of the Mac OS.

The name stands for " Operating System / 2 ," because it was introduced as part of the same generation change release as IBM's " Personal System / 2 ( PS / 2 )" line of second-generation personal computers.

* IBM RPG, a native programming language for IBM's System i servers

An influential arena for the great split screen movies of the 1960s were two world's fairs-the 1964 New York World's Fair, where Ray and Charles Eames had a 17-screen film they created for IBM's " Think " Pavilion ( it included sections with race car driving ) and the 3-division film To Be Alive, by Francis Thompson, which won the Academy Award that year for Best Short.

Most such editors are derivatives of XEDIT, IBM's editor for VM / CMS.

While there are other industrial-strength transaction processing systems, notably IBM's own CICS and IMS, TPF's raison d ' être is extreme volume, large numbers of concurrent users and very fast response times, for example VISA credit card transaction processing during the peak holiday shopping season.